Article: Jocks beat bookworms on brain test

Jocks beat bookworms on brain test
http://www.psypost.org/2013/01/jocks-beat-bookworms-on-brain-test-16276

Journal Alert - JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS

> LTitle:
> An Examination of Prescription Stimulant Misuse and Psychological Variables Among Sorority and Fraternity College Populations
>
> Authors:
> Dussault, CL; Weyandt, LL
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (2):87-97; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Objective: The objective of this study was to examine nonmedical
> stimulant use among fraternity/sorority members and nonmembers and
> whether psychological variables (e.g., internal restlessness,
> depression, anxiety, and stress) were related to nonmedical stimulant
> use. Method: The sample consisted of 1,033 undergraduate students from
> five universities located in the northeastern, southeastern,
> northwestern, southwestern, and midwestern regions of the United States.
> Results: The findings revealed that fraternity and sorority members
> reported a higher rate of nonmedical stimulant use than nonmembers. In
> addition, regression analyses revealed that higher ratings of anxiety,
> stress, internal impulsivity, and internal restlessness significantly
> predicted nonmedical stimulant use. Conclusion: Current findings support
> further examination of nonmedical stimulant use among other college
> student subpopulations (i.e., athletic teams, honor societies, residence
> halls). In addition, there is a strong need to develop research-based
> intervention and preventive measures that target college populations
> identified as being at risk for nonmedical stimulant use. (J. of Att.
> Dis. 2013; 17(2) 87-97)
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 98-101 (Review)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313266700002
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Are Some Individuals Diagnosed With ADHD Prone to Alcohol Abuse?: Consideration of Two Possible Mediating Factors for This Susceptibility
>
> Authors:
> Maxwell, A
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (2):98-101; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Some studies conducted on ADHD have found a statistically significant
> relationship between those diagnosed with the disorder and a higher
> susceptibility to abuse alcohol. However, other studies have found no
> such correlation, or have found this to be true of only a
> nonstatistically significant subset of the population of individuals
> with ADHD. This research found an answer to what may be causing these
> discrepancies in findings. Various studies on ADHD have discovered both
> biological and cognitive differences in some individuals with ADHD that
> may be responsible for this predisposition toward alcohol abuse found in
> a subset of the ADHD population. It is proposed that those individuals
> diagnosed with ADHD who also have a mutation in the dopamine receptor D4
> (DRD4) and who possess a deficiency in functionality of the prefrontal
> area of the brain designed for planning and reasoning may be more likely
> to develop alcohol abuse. (J. of Att. Dis. 2013; 17(2) 98-101)
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 102-113 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313266700003
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Adults With ADHD
>
> Authors:
> Reimherr, FW; Marchant, BK; Olsen, JL; Wender, PH; Robison, RJ
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (2):102-113; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Objective: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is the most common
> comorbid condition in childhood ADHD. This trial was prospectively
> designed to explore ODD symptoms in ADHD adults. Method: A total of 86
> patients in this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of
> methylphenidate transdermal system (MTS) were categorized based on the
> presence of ODD symptoms in childhood and adulthood, and then were
> compared for baseline and outcome differences. Results: In all, 42% met
> Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV)
> criteria for ODD as adults and were significantly more impaired on
> measures of ADHD, personality disorder, and substance abuse and 27% had
> childhood ODD that had resolved. Childhood and adult ODD symptoms were
> significantly correlated. ODD and ADHD symptoms improved significantly
> with MTS (p < .001), and the most consistently significant results were
> found in participants with adult ODD. Conclusion: A total of 69% met
> criteria for ODD as children and/or adults. Understanding how ODD
> interacts with ADHD to impact personality disorder, substance abuse, and
> treatment response has important clinical, social, and theoretical
> implications. (J. of Att. Dis. 2013; 17(2) 102-113)
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 114-127 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313266700004
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Conceptual Structure of the Symptoms of Adult ADHD According to the DSM-IV and Retrospective Wender-Utah Criteria
>
> Authors:
> Glockner-Rist, A; Pedersen, A; Rist, F
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (2):114-127; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Objective: Adult Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
> (4th ed.; DSM-IV) and retrospective childhood Wender-Utah ADHD criteria
> are implemented in self-report measures to assess adult ADHD and its
> required onset in childhood. Yet their dimensional structure and
> relationship to adult ADHD depressivity is still at debate. Therefore,
> both aspects were investigated, applying two respective German
> instruments (ADHD-Self-Report [ADHD-SR] and Wender Utah Rating
> Scale-German [WURS-G]) to two student samples. Method: ADHD-SR and
> WURS-G dimensions were identified by nonlinear confirmatory factor
> analyses, and their interrelations and relationship with adult
> depressivity were identified by structural equation modeling. Results:
> Adult ADHD-SR symptoms were organized into inattention, hyperactivity,
> and impulsivity, and WURS-G symptoms were organized into
> inattention/hyperactivity, affect lability, depressivity, and conduct
> problems. Yet only the first two WURS factors directly affected adult
> ADHD facets, though childhood depressivity influenced them indirectly
> via adult depressivity. Conclusion: Only criteria of the first two WURS
> factors can be considered valid childhood ADHD indicators. Thus, only
> they should be used as an aid in the retrospective assessment of ADHD
> symptoms. (J. of Att. Dis. 2013; 17(2) 114-127)
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 128-140 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313266700005
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Assessing ADHD in Latino Families: Evidence for Moving Beyond Symptomatology
>
> Authors:
> Gerdes, AC; Lawton, KE; Haack, LM; Hurtado, GD
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (2):128-140; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Objective: In an effort to combat the mental health disparities that
> exist among Latinos, the current study aimed to add to our knowledge
> related to culturally appropriate assessments for Latino children
> presenting with ADHD. Method: As part of a larger study, a community
> sample of 68 Spanish-speaking, Latino parents completed the Spanish
> translation of the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBD-S), a
> commonly used, parent-report measure of ADHD. Results: Results suggest
> that although both the Inattentive and Hyperactive/Impulsive subscales
> of the DBD-S are psychometrically sound, the Hyperactive/Impulsive
> subscale may not be culturally appropriate with some Latino families,
> particularly those who are less acculturated. This was further supported
> by preliminary evidence suggesting that this subscale also was not
> diagnostically useful with the current, community sample. Conclusion:
> The potential problems associated with the overemphasis on
> symptomatology when working with Latino families, the importance of
> examining functional impairment as part of a culturally appropriate
> assessment, and the need to replicate the current findings with a
> clinical sample are discussed. (J. of Att. Dis. 2013; 17(2) 128-140)
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 141-151 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313266700006
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Exasperating or Exceptional? Parents' Interpretations of Their Child's ADHD Behavior
>
> Authors:
> Lench, HC; Levine, LJ; Whalen, CK
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (2):141-151; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Objective: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a commonly
> diagnosed childhood disorder associated with parent-child conflict and
> parental stress. This investigation explored whether parents'
> interpretation of symptomatic behavior predicted negative interactions
> with and perceptions of their child. Method: We recruited parents of
> 7-12 year old children who were diagnosed with ADHD (n = 41), were
> diagnosed with ADHD but whose parents construed symptomatic behavior
> positively (Indigo children; n = 36), and had no diagnosis (n = 26).
> Parents completed a questionnaire about their experiences with their
> child. Results: Relative to parents who used only the ADHD label for
> children's behavior, parents who also perceived symptomatic behavior as
> a sign of positive characteristics reported less frequent negative
> experiences with their child and less intense negative emotions during
> those experiences. They also viewed their children as more
> self-efficacious and as more likely to have a positive future.
> Conclusion: Positive perceptions of child symptomatic behavior appeared
> to buffer the impact of ADHD symptoms on parents and parent-child
> relationships. (J. of Att. Dis. 2013; 17(2) 141-151)
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 152-162 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313266700007
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The SWAN Captures Variance at the Negative and Positive Ends of the ADHD Symptom Dimension
>
> Authors:
> Arnett, AB; Pennington, BF; Friend, A; Willcutt, EG; Byrne, B;
> Samuelsson, S; Olson, RK
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (2):152-162; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Objective: The Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal
> Behavior (SWAN) Rating Scale differs from previous parent reports of
> ADHD in that it was designed to also measure variability at the positive
> end of the symptom spectrum. Method: The psychometric properties of the
> SWAN were tested and compared with an established measure of ADHD, the
> Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS). Results: The SWAN demonstrates
> comparable validity, reliability, and heritability to the DBRS.
> Furthermore, plots of the SWAN and DBRS reveal heteroscedasticity, which
> supports the SWAN as a preferred measure of positive attention and
> impulse regulation behaviors. Conclusion: The ability of the SWAN to
> measure additional variance at the adaptive end of the ADHD symptom
> dimensions makes it a promising tool for behavioral genetic studies of
> ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2013; 17(2) 152-162)
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 163-170 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313266700008
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Self-Concept of College Students With ADHD: Discordance Between Self- and Parent-Reports
>
> Authors:
> Nelson, JM
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (2):163-170; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Objective: To investigate the self-concept of college students with
> ADHD. Method: College students with ADHD and their parents completed
> self-report and observer-report measures of self-concept, respectively.
> Results: Results indicated that college students with ADHD did not
> report problems with self-concept but their parents did for them. This
> difference was statistically significant and large in magnitude (d =
> .84). Conclusion: Perceptions of the self-concept of college students
> with ADHD appear to vary by informant source. Hypotheses for the
> discordance between self- and parent-reports are discussed.
> Multi-informant assessment is recommended as a way to obtain a more
> complete clinical picture than reliance on self- or parent-report alone.
> (J. of Att. Dis. 2013; 17(2) 163-170)
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 171-171 (Correction)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313266700009
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Parental Functioning in Families of Children With ADHD: Evidence for Behavioral Parent Training and Importance of Clinically Meaningful Change (vol 16, pg 147, 2012)
>
> Authors:
> Gerdes, AC; Haack, LM; Schneider, BW
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (2):171-171; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Gerdes, A. C., Haack, L. M., & Schneider, B. W. (2012). Parental
> Functioning in Families of Children With ADHD: Evidence for Behavioral
> Parent Training and Importance of Clinically Meaningful Change. Journal
> of Attention Disorders, 16, 147-156. (Original DOI:
> 10.1177/1087054710381482).
>

Journal alert: New issue of Neuropsychologia

>
> Title:
> Direct visuomotor mapping for fast visually-evoked arm movements
>
> Authors:
> Reynolds, RF; Day, BL
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3169-3173; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> In contrast to conventional reaction time (RT) tasks, saccadic RT's to
> visual targets are very fast and unaffected by the number of possible
> targets. This can be explained by the sub-cortical circuitry underlying
> eye movements, which involves direct mapping between retinal input and
> motor output in the superior colliculus. Here we asked if the
> choice-invariance established for the eyes also applies to a special
> class of fast visuomotor responses of the upper limb. Using a
> target-pointing paradigm we observed very fast reaction times (<150 ms)
> which were completely unaffected as the number of possible target
> choices was increased from 1 to 4. When we introduced a condition of
> altered stimulus-response mapping, RT went up and a cost of choice was
> observed. These results can be explained by direct mapping between
> visual input and motor output, compatible with a sub-cortical pathway
> for visual control of the upper limb. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3174-3184 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700002
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The processing of good-fit semantic anomalies: An ERP investigation
>
> Authors:
> Bohan, J; Leuthold, H; Hijikata, Y; Sanford, AJ
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3174-3184; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The failure-to-detect good-fit semantic anomalies is taken as evidence
> for shallow semantic processing, however the cognitive mechanisms
> involved are not well understood. To investigate this we recorded
> event-related potentials (ERPs) to sentences that contained good and
> poor-fit semantic anomalies and non-anomalous controls. Detected
> good-fit anomalies elicited an N400 effect when detection accuracy was
> stressed, indicating the registration of the anomaly. ERP analyses
> further ruled out that anomaly non-/detection is due to differences in
> initial word encoding or in processing prior contextual information. In
> addition, starting in the P2 interval, the ERP waveform was less
> positive for non-detected than detected anomalies and non-anomalous
> controls, presumably reflecting a language-driven modulation of visual
> input processing. And finally, detection of good-fit anomalies may also
> depend on the integration of sentential information into the discourse
> model at the end of the critical sentence. Overall, present findings
> support the shallow processing account of anomaly detection failure. (C)
> 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3185-3192 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700003
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> When compensation fails: Attentional deficits in healthy ageing caused by visual distraction
>
> Authors:
> Wascher, E; Schneider, D; Hoffmann, S; Beste, C; Sanger, J
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3185-3192; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Age related changes in frontal lobe functions are often related to
> attentional deficits that lead to increased distractibility by
> irrelevant stimuli. However, attentional functions have been reported
> not to decline in general with increasing age but simply be too slow to
> deal properly with distraction in time. Therefore older people might be
> able to compensate for distraction quite efficiently with sufficient
> processing time. Compensation, however, might fail when early perceptual
> processing is affected by distraction already. In the present study, a
> change in luminance or in orientation had to be detected in a sequence
> of two visual frames. Older participants showed reduced performance only
> when luminance and orientation changes were presented simultaneously at
> separate locations (perceptual conflict condition). Sensory ERP
> components were not overall altered with increasing age. Only in
> conflicting trials, a strong bias towards physically more salient
> information was observed. Additionally, older adults showed markedly
> delayed ERP-correlates of fronto-central control mechanisms in the
> conflict condition. The data indicate that processing deceleration
> cannot compensate for perceptual conflicts induced by mis-weighting of
> incoming information. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3193-3199 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700004
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> How does the hippocampal formation mediate memory for stimuli processed by the magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathways? Evidence from the comparison of schizophrenia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI)
>
> Authors:
> Keri, S; Szamosi, A; Benedek, G; Kelemen, O
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3193-3199; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Paired associates learning is impaired in both schizophrenia and
> amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which may reflect hippocampal
> pathology. In addition, schizophrenia is characterized by the
> dysfunction of the retino-geniculo-striatal magnocellular (M) visual
> pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction
> between visual perceptual and memory dysfunctions. We administered a
> modified version of the CANTAB paired associates learning task to
> patients with schizophrenia (n=20), aMCI (n=20), and two groups of
> matched healthy controls (n=20 for each patient group). The stimuli in
> the paired associates learning task biased information processing toward
> the M pathways (low contrast, low spatial frequency) and parvocellular
> (P) pathways (high contrast, high spatial frequency). Results revealed
> that patients with schizophrenia exhibited a more pronounced learning
> deficit for M-biased relative to P-biased stimuli. In aMCI, there were
> similar memory deficits for both types of stimuli. Orientation
> discrimination for M- and P-biased stimuli was intact in both groups of
> patients. The number of errors in the M-biased memory condition
> significantly and inversely correlated with the volume of the right
> hippocampus in schizophrenia. These results suggest an interaction
> between M-biased perceptual processing and short-term relational memory
> in schizophrenia, which may be associated with the structural alteration
> of the right hippocampus. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3200-3206 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700005
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Impaired visual expertise for print in French adults with dyslexia as shown by N170 tuning
>
> Authors:
> Mahe, G; Bonnefond, A; Gavens, N; Dufour, A; Doignon-Camus, N
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3200-3206; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Efficient reading relies on expertise in the visual word form area, with
> abnormalities in the functional specialization of this area observed in
> individuals with developmental dyslexia. We have investigated event
> related potentials in print tuning in adults with dyslexia, based on
> their N170 response at 135-255 ms. Control and dyslexic adults performed
> a lexical decision task with symbol strings and four sets of word-like
> stimuli (consonant strings. pseudowords, low frequency words and high
> frequency words). N170 tuning was observed in the control group, with
> larger left occipito-temporal negativities for word-like stimuli than
> for symbol strings. In contrast, N170 specialization was lacking in
> dyslexics, suggesting no visual expertise for print. Moreover,
> behavioral data indicated that adults with dyslexia had longer latencies
> and more errors for pseudowords than for other stimuli, suggesting a
> persistent phonological deficit in these individuals. These findings
> suggest that altered decoding abilities may disrupt perceptual expertise
> for print. The results are discussed in the context of the phonological
> mapping deficit theory. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3207-3217 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700006
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Physical experience leads to enhanced object perception in parietal cortex: Insights from knot tying
>
> Authors:
> Cross, ES; Cohen, NR; Hamilton, AFD; Ramsey, R; Wolford, G; Grafton, ST
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3207-3217; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> What does it mean to "know" what an object is? Viewing objects from
> different categories (e.g., tools vs. animals) engages distinct brain
> regions, but it is unclear whether these differences reflect object
> categories themselves or the tendency to interact differently with
> objects from different categories (grasping tools, not animals). Here we
> test how the brain constructs representations of objects that one learns
> to name or physically manipulate. Participants learned to name or tie
> different knots and brain activity was measured whilst performing a
> perceptual discrimination task with these knots before and after
> training. Activation in anterior intraparietal sulcus, a region involved
> in object manipulation, was specifically engaged when participants
> viewed knots they learned to tie. This suggests that object knowledge is
> linked to sensorimotor experience and its associated neural systems for
> object manipulation. Findings are consistent with a theory of embodiment
> in which there can be clear overlap in brain systems that support
> conceptual knowledge and control of object manipulation. (C) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3218-3227 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700007
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Magnetoencephalography evidence for different brain subregions serving two musical cultures
>
> Authors:
> Matsunaga, R; Yokosawa, K; Abe, J
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3218-3227; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Individuals who have been exposed to two different musical cultures
> (bimusicals) can be differentiated from those exposed to only one
> musical culture (monomusicals). Just as bilingual speakers handle the
> distinct language-syntactic rules of each of two languages, bimusical
> listeners handle two distinct musical-syntactic rules (e.g., tonal
> schemas) in each musical culture. This study sought to determine
> specific brain activities that contribute to differentiating two
> culture-specific tonal structures. We recorded magnetoencephalogram
> (MEG) responses of bimusical Japanese nonmusicians and amateur musicians
> as they monitored unfamiliar Western melodies and unfamiliar, but
> traditional, Japanese melodies, both of which contained tonal deviants
> (out-of-key tones). Previous studies with Western monomusicals have
> shown that tonal deviants elicit an early right anterior negativity
> (mERAN) originating in the inferior frontal cortex. In the present
> study, tonal deviants in both Western and Japanese melodies elicited
> mERANs with characteristics fitted by dipoles around the inferior
> frontal gyrus in the right hemisphere and the premotor cortex in the
> left hemisphere. Comparisons of the nature of mERAN activity to Western
> and Japanese melodies showed differences in the dipoles' locations but
> not in their peak latency or dipole strength. These results suggest that
> the differentiation between a tonal structure of one culture and that of
> another culture correlates with localization differences in brain
> subregions around the inferior frontal cortex and the premotor cortex.
> (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3228-3239 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700008
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Mismatch responses to lexical tone, initial consonant, and vowel in Mandarin-speaking preschoolers
>
> Authors:
> Lee, CY; Yen, HL; Yeh, PW; Lin, WH; Cheng, YY; Tzeng, YL; Wu, HC
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3228-3239; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The present study investigates how age, phonological saliency, and
> deviance size affect the presence of mismatch negativity (MMN) and
> positive mismatch response (P-MMR). This work measured the auditory
> mismatch responses to Mandarin lexical tones, initial consonants, and
> vowels in 4- to 6-year-old preschoolers using the multiple-deviant
> oddball paradigm. The data showed the coexistence of MMN and P-MMR in
> the same age group when responding to the three types of syllabic
> features in Mandarin. The transition from a predominantly positive
> response to a predominantly negative response supported the multiple MMN
> mechanisms. Congruent with the phonological saliency hypothesis and the
> phonetic acquisition order of Mandarin in behavioral studies, for the
> compulsory elements of Mandarin syllables, lexical tones, and vowels,
> the larger deviants elicited adult-like MMNs, whereas the smaller
> deviants elicited P-MMRs. The optional elements of the Mandarin
> syllables, the initial consonant, only elicited P-MMR in preschoolers.
> These findings suggest that MMN and P-MMR index different functional
> characteristics and may provide information on when and how children's
> speech perception becomes automatic at different developmental stages.
> (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3240-3249 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700009
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Event-related potential (ERP) evidence for fluency-based recognition memory
>
> Authors:
> Leynes, PA; Zish, K
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3240-3249; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Two experiments investigated the influence of perceptual fluency on
> recognition memory. Words were studied using a shallow encoding task to
> decrease the contribution of recollection on recognition. Fluency was
> manipulated by blurring half of the test probes. Clarity varied randomly
> across trials in one experiment and was grouped into two blocks (clear
> and blurry) in the other experiment. Clarity did not influence
> recognition judgments or the ERP correlate of familiarity (FN400) when
> clarity was blocked across trials, but fluent probes (old and clear)
> elicited a more negative ERP than less fluent probes 280-400 ms at
> parietal electrode sites. Random variations in clarity produced the
> opposite pattern of results because recognition judgments and FN400
> amplitudes varied, whereas the early ERPs did not differ. The results
> are interpreted as evidence that blocking clarity across trials led to
> recognition that was based on repetition fluency differences (i.e., old
> more fluent than new), which was associated with an early (280-400 ms)
> ERP at parietal electrodes in the absence of FN400 differences. Randomly
> varying clarity across trials created a situation where repetition
> fluency and perceptual fluency (i.e., probe clarity) interacted and led
> recognition to be based on familiarity/conceptual implicit memory that
> was associated with FN400 amplitudes in the absence of early ERP
> differences. The behavioral and ERP differences suggest that perceptual
> fluency, by itself, is capable of supporting recognition in some
> contexts and that, in other contexts, fluency can combine with other
> memory trace information to support recognition. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
> All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3250-3261 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700010
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Symmetry perception and affective responses: A combined EEG/EMG study
>
> Authors:
> Makin, ADJ; Wilton, MM; Pecchinenda, A; Bertamini, M
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3250-3261; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The perception and appreciation of visual symmetry have been studied in
> several recent EEG experiments. Although symmetry is known to be an
> important determinant of aesthetic preference, previous studies have
> concluded that evaluation does not occur spontaneously. These studies
> also found that symmetrical and random patterns do not differ in terms
> of early sensory processing, within 200 ms of stimulus onset. We
> presented participants with symmetrical or random abstract patterns,
> which they had to classify correctly. Contrary to previous work, we
> found that N1 amplitude was sensitive to all types of regularity, and P1
> was sensitive to rotational symmetry. We also found that activity in the
> Zygomaticus Major, the facial muscle responsible for smiling, was
> greater for reflection patterns. However, we were able to reverse this
> effect by changing the task so that participants had to treat random
> patterns as the target stimuli. We conclude that participants
> spontaneously select reflectional symmetry as the target, and positive
> affective responses automatically follow from successful target
> detection. This work provides a new account of the neural mechanisms
> involved in visual symmetry perception. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All
> rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3262-3272 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700011
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The influence of emotional words on sentence processing: Electrophysiological and behavioral evidence
>
> Authors:
> Martin-Loeches, M; Fernandez, A; Schacht, A; Sommer, W; Casado, P;
> Jimenez-Ortega, L; Fondevila, S
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3262-3272; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Whereas most previous studies on emotion in language have focussed on
> single words, we investigated the influence of the emotional valence of
> a word on the syntactic and semantic processes unfolding during sentence
> comprehension, by means of event-related brain potentials (ERP).
> Experiment 1 assessed how positive, negative, and neutral adjectives
> that could be either syntactically correct or incorrect (violation of
> number agreement) modulate syntax-sensitive ERP components. The
> amplitude of the left anterior negativity (IAN) to morphosyntactic
> violations increased in negative and decreased in positive words in
> comparison to neutral words. In Experiment 2, the same sentences were
> presented but positive, negative, and neutral adjectives could be either
> semantically correct or anomalous given the sentence context. The N400
> to semantic anomalies was not significantly affected by the valence of
> the violating word. However, positive words in a sentence seemed to
> influence semantic correctness decisions, also triggering an apparent
> N400 reduction irrespective of the correctness value of the word. Later
> linguistic processes, as reflected in the P600 component, were
> unaffected in either experiment. Overall, our results indicate that
> emotional valence in a word impacts the syntactic and semantic
> processing of sentences, with differential effects as a function of
> valence and domain. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3273-3278 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700012
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Speech acoustic markers of early stage and prodromal Huntington's disease: A marker of disease onset?
>
> Authors:
> Vogel, AP; Shirbin, C; Churchyard, AJ; Stout, JC
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3273-3278; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Speech disturbances (e.g., altered prosody) have been described in
> symptomatic Huntington's Disease (HD) individuals, however, the extent
> to which speech changes in gene positive pre-manifest (PreHD)
> individuals is largely unknown. The speech of individuals carrying the
> mutant HIT gene is a behavioural/motor/cognitive marker demonstrating
> some potential as an objective indicator of early HD onset and disease
> progression. Speech samples were acquired from 30 individuals carrying
> the mutant HIT gene (13 PreHD, 17 early stage HD) and 15 matched
> controls. Participants read a passage, produced a monologue and said the
> days of the week. Data were analysed acoustically for measures of
> timing, frequency and intensity. There was a clear effect of group
> across most acoustic measures, so that speech performance differed
> in-line with disease progression. Comparisons across groups revealed
> significant differences between the control and the early stage HD group
> on measures of timing (e.g., speech rate). Participants carrying the
> mutant WIT gene presented with slower rates of speech, took longer to
> say words and produced greater silences between and within words
> compared to healthy controls. Importantly, speech rate showed a
> significant correlation to burden of disease scores. The speech of early
> stage HD differed significantly from controls. The speech of PreHD,
> although not reaching significance, tended to lie between the
> performance of controls and early stage HD. This suggests that changes
> in speech production appear to be developing prior to diagnosis. (C)
> 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3279-3283 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700013
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Foveational complexity in single word identification: Contralateral visual pathways are advantaged over ipsilateral pathways
>
> Authors:
> Obregon, M; Shillcock, R
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3279-3283; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Recognition of a single word is an elemental task in innumerable
> cognitive psychology experiments, but involves unexpected complexity. We
> test a controversial claim that the human fovea is vertically divided,
> with each half projecting to either the contralateral or ipsilateral
> hemisphere, thereby influencing foveal word recognition. We report a
> novel haploscope task: the two halves of a four-letter word were briefly
> presented to the two eyes in a Both condition (st vertical bar ep)(st
> vertical bar ep), a Contralateral condition (st vertical bar_)(_vertical
> bar ep), or an Ipsilateral condition (_vertical bar ep)(st vertical
> bar_), all yielding the same single word percept (step). The Both
> condition yielded superior perceptual recognition, followed by the
> contralateral projection, then the ipsilateral projection. These results
> demonstrate that the structure of the fovea influences even the
> recognition of short, foveally presented words. Projecting different
> parts of the same word to different hemispheres involves unforeseen
> complexities and opportunities for optimizing hemispheric coordination.
> (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3284-3294 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700014
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Subdivision of frontal cortex mechanisms for language production in aphasia
>
> Authors:
> Thothathiri, M; Gagliardi, M; Schwartz, MF
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3284-3294; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) has long been linked to language
> production, but the precise mechanisms are still being elucidated. Using
> neuropsychological case studies, we explored possible sub-specialization
> within this region for different linguistic and executive functions.
> Frontal patients with different lesion profiles completed two sequencing
> tasks, which were hypothesized to engage partially overlapping
> components. The multi-word priming task tested the sequencing of
> co-activated representations and the overriding of primed word orders.
> The sequence reproduction task tested the sequencing of co-activated
> representations, but did not employ a priming manipulation. We compared
> patients' performance on the two tasks to that of healthy, age-matched
> controls. Results are partially consistent with an anterior-posterior
> gradient of cognitive control within lateral prefrontal cortex (Koechlin
> & Summerfield, 2007). However, we also found a stimulus-specific
> pattern, which suggests that sub-specialization might be contingent on
> type of representation as well as type of control signal. Isolating such
> components functionally and anatomically might lead to a better
> understanding of language production deficits in aphasia. (C) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3295-3303 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700015
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Music-based memory enhancement in Alzheimer's Disease: Promise and limitations
>
> Authors:
> Simmons-Stern, NR; Deason, RG; Brandler, BJ; Frustace, BS; O'Connor, MK;
> Ally, BA; Budson, AE
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3295-3303; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> In a previous study (Simmons-Stern, Budson & Ally, 2010), we found that
> patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) better recognized visually
> presented lyrics when the lyrics were also sung rather than spoken at
> encoding. The present study sought to further investigate the effects of
> music on memory in patients with AD by making the content of the song
> lyrics relevant for the daily life of an older adult and by examining
> how musical encoding alters several different aspects of episodic
> memory. Patients with AD and healthy older adults studied visually
> presented novel song lyrics related to instrumental activities of daily
> living (IADL) that were accompanied by either a sung or a spoken
> recording. Overall, participants performed better on a memory test of
> general lyric content for lyrics that were studied sung as compared to
> spoken. However, on a memory test of specific lyric content,
> participants performed equally well for sung and spoken lyrics. We
> interpret these results in terms of a dual-process model of recognition
> memory such that the general content questions represent a
> familiarity-based representation that is preferentially sensitive to
> enhancement via music, while the specific content questions represent a
> recollection-based representation unaided by musical encoding.
> Additionally, in a test of basic recognition memory for the audio
> stimuli, patients with AD demonstrated equal discrimination for sung and
> spoken stimuli. We propose that the perceptual distinctiveness of
> musical stimuli enhanced metamemorial awareness in AD patients via a
> non-selective distinctiveness heuristic, thereby reducing false
> recognition while at the same time reducing true recognition and
> eliminating the mnemonic benefit of music. These results are discussed
> in the context of potential music-based memory enhancement interventions
> for the care of patients with AD. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3304-3312 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700016
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Neural aftereffects of errors in a stop-signal task
>
> Authors:
> Beyer, F; Munte, TF; Fischer, J; Kramer, UM
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3304-3312; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> In order to maintain goal-directed behavior in a changing and
> distractive environment, one needs to continuously monitor one's own
> performance and adjust it in case of unfavorable outcomes. One aspect of
> behavioral adjustment commonly observed in reaction time tasks is an
> increase in response time in trials following an error, referred to as
> post-error slowing (PES). Using a stop-signal task with a four-on-two
> stimulus-response mapping, we here investigated the neural aftereffects
> of stop-errors. We examined oscillatory activity in the inter-trial
> interval as well as event-related potentials (ERP) in the next trial.
> Behavioral results speak against general adjustments after stop-errors
> as post-error behavioral changes could be attributed to stimulus or
> response repetitions. This corresponded with ERP effects in the next
> trial with only the visual N1 showing an effect of previous trial type
> and both N2 and P3 showing an effect of stimulus repetition. During the
> inter-trial interval, we observed stronger and later occipital alpha
> power increase after stop-errors compared to go- or inhibited trials.
> Errors also elicited enhanced frontal beta power relative to stop-trials
> and by trend to correct go-trials, which largely returned to baseline
> before the onset of the next trial. These transient changes in the
> neural aftereffects of stop-errors might be related to previous
> behavioral observations of PES after short, but not long
> response-stimulus intervals. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3313-3319 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700017
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Perception of emotions from facial expressions in high-functioning adults with autism
>
> Authors:
> Kennedy, DP; Adolphs, R
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3313-3319; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Impairment in social communication is one of the diagnostic hallmarks of
> autism spectrum disorders, and a large body of research has documented
> aspects of impaired social cognition in autism, both at the level of the
> processes and the neural structures involved. Yet one of the most common
> social communicative abilities in everyday life, the ability to judge
> somebody's emotion from their facial expression, has yielded conflicting
> findings. To investigate this issue, we used a sensitive task that has
> been used to assess facial emotion perception in a number of
> neurological and psychiatric populations. Fifteen high-functioning
> adults with autism and 19 control participants rated the emotional
> intensity of 36 faces displaying basic emotions. Every face was rated 6
> times-once for each emotion category. The autism group gave ratings that
> were significantly less sensitive to a given emotion, and less reliable
> across repeated testing, resulting in overall decreased specificity in
> emotion perception. We thus demonstrate a subtle but specific pattern of
> impairments in facial emotion perception in people with autism. (C) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3320-3337 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700018
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Electrophysiological responses to argument structure violations in healthy adults and individuals with agrammatic aphasia
>
> Authors:
> Kielar, A; Meltzer-Asscher, A; Thompson, CK
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3320-3337; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Sentence comprehension requires processing of argument structure
> information associated with verbs, i.e. the number and type of arguments
> that they select. Many individuals with agrammatic aphasia show impaired
> production of verbs with greater argument structure density. The extent
> to which these participants also show argument structure deficits during
> comprehension, however, is unclear. Some studies find normal access to
> verb arguments, whereas others report impaired ability. The present
> study investigated verb argument structure processing in agrammatic
> aphasia by examining event-related potentials associated with argument
> structure violations in healthy young and older adults as well as
> aphasic individuals. A semantic violation condition was included to
> investigate possible differences in sensitivity to semantic and argument
> structure information during sentence processing. Results for the
> healthy control participants showed a negativity followed by a positive
> shift (N400-P600) in the argument structure violation condition, as
> found in previous ERP studies (Friederici & Frisch, 2000; Frisch, Hahne,
> & Friederici, 2004). In contrast, individuals with agrammatic aphasia
> showed a P600, but no N400, response to argument structure mismatches.
> Additionally, compared to the control groups, the agrammatic
> participants showed an attenuated, but relatively preserved, N400
> response to semantic violations. These data show that agrammatic
> individuals do not demonstrate normal real-time sensitivity to verb
> argument structure requirements during sentence processing. (C) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3338-3347 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700019
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The influence of motor and cognitive impairment upon visually-guided saccades in Parkinson's disease
>
> Authors:
> MacAskill, MR; Graham, CF; Pitcher, TL; Myall, DJ; Livingston, L; van
> Stockum, S; Dalrymple-Alford, JC; Anderson, TJ
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3338-3347; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Studies of saccades in Parkinson's disease (PD) have seldom examined the
> influence of cognitive status, ranging from normal cognition, through
> mild cognitive impairment, to dementia. In a large and heterogeneous
> sample, we examined how motor and cognitive impairment was reflected in
> the performance of reflexive, visually-guided saccades. We examined 163
> people with PD and 47 similar-aged controls. Ninety three of the PD
> group had normal cognition (PDN), 48 had mild cognitive impairment
> (PD-MCI), and 22 had dementia (PDD). Pseudo-random targets (amplitudes
> of 5, 10, 15 and 20 deg and inter-stimulus-intervals ranging from 550 to
> 1800 ms) were shown in 108 mixed randomised trials, incorporating gap,
> step, and overlap onset conditions. Analyses were conducted using
> multi-level regression modeling. Participants were first assessed by
> continuous measures (Unified PD Rating Scale motor score and the
> Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Prolonged latency was significantly
> related to both motor and cognitive impairment, with the cognitive
> effect being compounded by increasing age. Decreased saccade amplitude,
> meanwhile, was primarily related to motor impairment. When assessed by
> discrete cognitive categories, all of the PD groups showed reduced
> saccadic amplitude relative to controls. Saccadic latencies, meanwhile,
> were abnormally prolonged only in the PD-MCI and PDD groups (the control
> and PDN groups were similar to each other). Latency in the overlap task
> was particularly sensitive to increasing motor and cognitive impairment.
> We conclude that reflexive saccades in PD are subtly decreased in
> amplitude even early in the disease process. Prolonged saccade latency,
> meanwhile, tends to occur later in the disease process, in the presence
> of more substantial motor and cognitive impairment, and greater age. The
> progressive impairment of reflexive saccades, and the differential onset
> of amplitude and latency impairments, may make them a useful objective
> tool for assessing disease status. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3348-3362 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700020
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Language and reading skills in school-aged children and adolescents born preterm are associated with white matter properties on diffusion tensor imaging
>
> Authors:
> Feldman, HM; Lee, ES; Yeatman, JD; Yeom, KW
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3348-3362; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Children born preterm are at risk for deficits in language and reading.
> They are also at risk for injury to the white matter of the brain. The
> goal of this study was to determine whether performance in language and
> reading skills would be associated with white matter properties in
> children born preterm and full-term. Children born before 36 weeks
> gestation (n=23. mean +/- SD age 12.5 +/- 2.0 years, gestational age
> 28.7 +/- 2.5 weeks, birth weight 1184 +/- 431 g) and controls born after
> 37 weeks gestation (n=19, 13.1 +/- 2.1 years, 39.3 +/- 1.0 weeks, 3178
> +/- 413 g) underwent a battery of language and reading tests. Diffusion
> Tensor Imaging (DTI) scans were processed using Tract-Based Spatial
> Statistics to generate a core white matter skeleton that was
> anatomically comparable across participants. Fractional anisotropy (FA)
> was the diffusion property used in analyses. In the full-term group, no
> regions of the whole FA-skeleton were associated with language and
> reading. In the preterm group, regions of the FA-skeleton were
> significantly associated with verbal IQ linguistic processing speed,
> syntactic comprehension, and decoding. Combined, the regions formed a
> composite map of 22 clusters on 15 tracts in both hemispheres and in the
> ventral and dorsal streams. ROI analyses in the preterm group found that
> several of these regions also showed positive associations with
> receptive vocabulary, verbal memory, and reading comprehension. Some of
> the same regions showed weak negative correlations within the full-term
> group. Exploratory multiple regression in the preterm group found that
> specific white matter pathways were related to different aspects of
> language processing and reading, accounting for 27-44% of the variance.
> The findings suggest that higher performance in language and reading in
> a group of preterm but not full-term children is associated with higher
> fractional anisotropy of a bilateral and distributed white matter
> network. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3363-3369 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700021
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Inside a synesthete's head: A functional connectivity analysis with grapheme-color synesthetes
>
> Authors:
> Sinke, C; Neufeld, J; Emrich, HM; Dillo, W; Bleich, S; Zedler, M;
> Szycik, GR
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3363-3369; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Grapheme-color synesthesia is a condition in which letters are perceived
> with an additional color dimension. To identify brain regions involved
> in this type of synesthesia and to analyze functional connectivity of
> these areas, 18 grapheme-color synesthetes and 18 matched controls were
> stimulated with letters and pseudo-letters presented in black and color
> in an event-related fMRI experiment. Based on the activation-differences
> between synesthetes and non-synesthetic controls regions of interest
> were defined. In a second analysis step functional connectivity was
> calculated using beta series correlation analysis for these seed
> regions. First we identified one seed region in the left inferior
> parietal (IPL) cortex (BA7) showing activation differences between
> grapheme-color synesthetes and controls. Furthermore, we found
> activation differences in brain areas involved in processing of letters
> and pseudo-letters, in particular the right IPL cortex (BA7), but also
> two more clusters in the right hemispheric BA 18 and BA 40. Functional
> connectivity analysis revealed an increased connectivity between the
> left IPL seed region and primary/secondary visual areas (BA 18) in
> synesthetes. Also the right BA 7 showed a stronger connectivity with
> primary/secondary visual areas (BA 18) in grapheme-color synesthetes.
> The results of this study support the idea that the parietal lobe plays
> an important role in synesthetic experience. The data suggest
> furthermore that the information flow in grapheme-color synesthetes was
> already modulated at the level of the primary visual cortex which is
> different than previously thought. Therefore, the current models of
> grapheme-color synesthesia have to be refined as the unusual
> communication flow in synesthetes is not restricted to V4, fusiform
> cortex and the parietal lobe but rather involves a more extended
> network. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3370-3384 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700022
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The effects of aging on emotion-induced modulations of source retrieval ERPs: Evidence for valence biases
>
> Authors:
> Newsome, RN; Dulas, MR; Duarte, A
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3370-3384; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Many behavioral studies have shown that memory is enhanced for
> emotionally salient events across the lifespan. It has been suggested
> that this mnemonic boost may be observed for both age groups,
> particularly the old, in part because emotional information is retrieved
> with less effort than neutral information. Neuroimaging evidence
> suggests that inefficient retrieval processing (temporally delayed and
> attenuated) may contribute to age-related impairments in episodic memory
> for neutral events. It is not entirely clear whether emotional salience
> may reduce these age-related changes in neural activity associated with
> episodic retrieval for neutral events. Here, we investigated these ideas
> using event-related potentials (ERPs) to assess the neural correlates of
> successful source memory retrieval ("old-new effects") for neutral and
> emotional (negative and positive) images. Behavioral results showed that
> older adults demonstrated source memory impairments compared to the
> young but that both groups showed reduced source memory accuracy for
> negative compared to positive and neutral images; most likely due to an
> arousal-induced memory tradeoff for the negative images, which were
> subjectively more arousing than both positive and neutral images. ERP
> results showed that early onsetting old-new effects, between 100 and 300
> ms, were observed for emotional but not neutral images in both age
> groups. Interestingly, these early effects were observed for negative
> items in the young and for positive items in the old. These ERP findings
> offer support for the idea that emotional events may be retrieved more
> automatically than neutral events across the lifespan. Furthermore, we
> suggest that very early retrieval mechanisms, possibly perceptual
> priming or familiarity, may underlie the negativity and positivity
> effects sometimes observed in the young and old, respectively, for
> various behavioral measures of attention and memory. (C) 2012 Elsevier
> Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3385-3391 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700023
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> ERP index of the morphological family size effect during word recognition
>
> Authors:
> Kwon, Y; Nam, K; Lee, Y
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3385-3391; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The purpose of this study was to examine whether the N400 is affected by
> the semantic richness of associated neighboring word members or by the
> density of the orthographic syllable neighborhood. Another purpose of
> this study was to investigate the source of the different LPC in respect
> to the semantic richness. To do so, the density of the syllable
> neighborhood and the size of the morphological family of a word were
> orthogonally manipulated. ERPs from 24 participants were collected
> during a go/no-go semantic categorization task. The results showed that
> the N400 effect was mainly influenced by the density of the syllable
> neighborhood rather than by the morphological family size. The results
> also showed that words with a larger morphological family size generate
> significantly larger LPC than words with a smaller morphological family
> size. The present study did not support the assumption that the main
> source of the N400 effect is the semantic richness of the associated
> neighbors. The present results suggest that the N400 is more sensitive
> to the density of the syllable neighborhood and LPC is sensitive to the
> density of the semantic neighborhood reflected by the morphological
> family size. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3392-3402 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700024
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Does bimanual grasping of the Muller-Lyer illusion provide evidence for a functional segregation of dorsal and ventral streams?
>
> Authors:
> Foster, RM; Kleinholdermann, U; Leifheit, S; Franz, VH
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3392-3402; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Studies claiming a differential processing of visual illusions for
> perception and action have been subjected to many challenges. One
> criticism is that attentional demands were mismatched between the
> perception and action tasks. Dewar and Carey (2006) reexamined this
> argument by comparing bimanual grasping to bimanual size estimation and
> concluded that manual size estimation (ManEst) was affected by the
> illusion to a greater extent than grasping, supporting the case for two
> functionally distinct streams of visual processing. We tested whether
> this result may be due to their use of closed loop visual conditions by
> replicating their study under both closed and open loop conditions. We
> found that the difference in illusion effects between grasping and
> ManEst disappeared under open loop conditions, indicating that Dewar and
> Carey's findings can be explained by the availability of visual feedback
> and not a perception/action dissociation. We also discuss potential
> shortcomings of bimanual designs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3403-3409 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700025
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> "How to do things with Words": Role of motor cortex in semantic representation of action words
>
> Authors:
> Kana, RK; Blum, ER; Ladden, SL; Hoef, LWV
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3403-3409; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Language, believed to have originated from actions, not only functions
> as a medium to access other minds, but it also helps us commit actions
> and enriches our social life. This fMRI study investigated the semantic
> and neural representations of actions and mental states. We focused
> mainly on language semantics (comprehending sentences with action words
> versus those with mental state words). While in an fMRI scanner,
> twenty-four healthy, right-handed adult volunteers read a series of
> sentences with a verb depicting either a mental state (e.g., deceive,
> persuade) or an action (e.g., punch, kick), and answered a comprehension
> question that followed. Overall, this task showed brain activation in
> the left inferior frontal gyrus and in the left posterior superior
> temporal sulci. While comprehending sentences with mental state terms,
> participants showed greater activation in left orbitofrontal, and in
> left precuneus areas. On the other hand, the action sentences recruited
> more primary motor, left inferior parietal, bilateral occipital, right
> superior temporal, and right inferior frontal areas. The findings of
> this study underscore the role of motor and visuospatial involvement in
> action word representation in the human brain. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
> All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3410-3418 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700026
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Discriminating Thatcherised from typical faces in a case of prosopagnosia
>
> Authors:
> Mestry, N; Donnelly, N; Menneer, T; McCarthy, RA
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3410-3418; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> We report data from a prosopagnosic patient (PHD), and aged-matched
> control participants, from experiments where participants categorised
> individually presented emotional faces (Experiment 1) and Thatcherised
> (from typical) faces (Experiment 2). In Experiment 2 participants also
> discriminated between simultaneously presented Thatcherised and typical
> faces. PHD was at chance categorising Thatcherised from typical faces.
> He was, however, able to discriminate between Thatcherised and typical
> faces, and partially able to categorise emotional faces. The results are
> discussed in terms of a loss of configural processing but preserved
> feature processing in PHD. The loss of configural processing impacts his
> categorisation of Thatcherised and typical faces, and his emotion
> processing, while his preserved feature processing supports his ability
> to categorise some emotional faces and his ability to discriminate
> between Thatcherised and typical faces. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All
> rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3419-3428 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700027
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Attentional shifts induced by uninformative number symbols modulate neural activity in human occipital cortex
>
> Authors:
> Goffaux, V; Martin, R; Dormal, G; Goebel, R; Schiltz, C
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3419-3428; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Number processing interacts with space encoding in a wide variety of
> experimental paradigms. Most intriguingly, the passive viewing of
> uninformative number symbols can shift visuo-spatial attention to
> different target locations according to the number magnitude, i.e.,
> small/large numbers facilitate processing of left/right targets,
> respectively. The brain architecture dedicated to these attention shifts
> associated with numbers remains unknown. Evoked potential recordings
> indicate that both early and late stages are involved in this
> spatio-numerical interaction, but the neuro-functional anatomy needs to
> be specified. Here we use, for the first time, functional magnetic
> resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate attentional orienting following
> uninformative Arabic digits. We show that BOLD response in occipital
> visual regions is modulated by the congruency between digit magnitude
> (small/large) and target side (left/right). Additionally, we report
> higher BOLD responses following large (8, 9) compared to small (1.2)
> digits in two bilateral parietal regions, yielding a significant effect
> of digit magnitude. We propose and discuss the view that encoding of
> semantic representations related to number symbols in parietal cortex
> leads to shifts in visuo-spatial attention and enhances visual
> processing in the occipital cortex according to number-space congruency
> rules. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3429-3439 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700028
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Electrophysiological markers of syllable frequency during written word recognition in French
>
> Authors:
> Chetail, F; Colin, C; Content, A
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3429-3439; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Several empirical lines of investigation support the idea that
> syllable-sized units may be involved in visual word recognition
> processes. In this perspective, the present study aimed at investigating
> further the nature of the process that causes syllabic effects in
> reading. To do so, the syllable frequency effect was investigated in
> French using event related potentials while participants performed a
> lexical decision task (Experiment 1). Consistent with previous studies,
> manipulating the frequency of the first syllable in words and
> pseudowords yielded two temporally distinct effects. Compared to items
> with a first syllable of low frequency, items with a syllable of high
> frequency elicited a weaker P200 component, reflecting early sub-lexical
> facilitation, and a larger N400 component, supposed to ensue from
> competition between syllabic neighbours. To examine which factors
> determine the strength of interference during lexical access, regression
> analyses were conducted on the late temporal window potentials. The
> inhibitory syllable frequency effect was best predicted by leader
> strength, that is, the frequency ratio between the most frequent
> syllabic neighbour and the others. When this variable was directly
> manipulated while controlling for syllable frequency and number of
> higher frequency syllabic neighbours (Experiment 2),
> electrophysiological data confirmed the impact of leader strength. The
> results are discussed in the context of interactive activation-based
> models augmented with syllabic representations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
> All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3440-3449 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700029
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Neural mechanisms of encoding social and non-social context information in autism spectrum disorder
>
> Authors:
> Greimel, E; Nehrkorn, B; Fink, GR; Kukolja, J; Kohls, G; Muller, K;
> Piefke, M; Kamp-Becker, I; Remschmidt, H; Herpertz-Dahlmann, B; Konrad,
> K; Schulte-Ruther, M
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3440-3449; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often fail to attach
> context to their memories and are specifically impaired in processing
> social aspects of contextual information. The aim of the present study
> was to investigate the modulatory influence of social vs. non-social
> context on neural mechanisms during encoding in ASD. Using event-related
> fMRI, 13 boys with ASD and 13 typically developing boys comparable for
> age and IQ were investigated during encoding of neutral objects
> presented either with a social (faces) or a non-social (houses) context.
> A memory paradigm was then applied to identify brain activation patterns
> associated with encoding of subsequently recollected versus
> non-recollected objects.
> On the behavioural level, no significant between-group differences
> emerged. In particular, no differential effects of context on memory
> performance were observed. Neurally, however, context-specific group
> differences were observed in several brain regions. During encoding of
> subsequently recollected objects presented with a face. ASD subjects
> (compared to controls) showed reduced neural activation in the bilateral
> inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus and right
> inferior parietal lobule. Neural activation in the right inferior
> frontal gyrus was positively correlated with memory performance in
> controls, but negatively in ASD individuals. During encoding of
> subsequently non-recollected objects presented in the non-social
> context, ASD subjects showed increased activation in the dorsal MPFC.
> Our findings suggest that in ASD subjects, fronto-parietal brain regions
> subserving memory formation and the association of contextual
> information are activated atypically when a social context is presented
> at encoding. The data add to findings from related research fields
> indicating that in ASD, socioemotional impairment extends into domains
> beyond social cognition. Increased activation in the dorsal MPFC in ASD
> individuals might reflect supervisory cognitive processes related to the
> suppression of a distracting non-social context. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
> All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3450-3460 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700030
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The temporal dynamics of medial and lateral frontal neural activity related to proactive cognitive control
>
> Authors:
> West, R; Bailey, K; Tiernan, BN; Boonsuk, W; Gilbert, S
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3450-3460; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The neural correlates of proactive cognitive control were examined in
> two experiments using the counting Stroop task and a computerized
> Blackjack task in combination with event-related brain potentials
> (ERPs). The primary objective of the study was to determine whether slow
> wave activity related to proactive control would be observed in the two
> tasks. Consistent with the existing literature, transient components of
> the ERPs (i.e., medial frontal negativity and feedback related
> negativity) were observed over the medial frontal region in both tasks
> that were related to stimulus congruency and feedback processing,
> respectively. The medial frontal ERPs in both tasks were modeled with a
> pair of equivalent current dipoles placed along the anterior to
> posterior axis of the cingulate. Most importantly, slow wave activity
> was observed that differentiated incongruent trials from congruent
> trials after the response in the counting Stroop task, and losses from
> wins and ties in the Blackjack task. In the Blackjack task, a pair of
> dipoles in the left lateral frontal and posterior regions modeled the
> slow wave activity. These data reveal that updating goal representations
> that support proactive cognitive control may require several 100 ms in
> contrast to conflict or outcome monitoring that is associated with
> transient medial frontal neural activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All
> rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3461-3468 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700031
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Spatial attention modulates early face processing
>
> Authors:
> Feng, WF; Martinez, A; Pitts, M; Luo, YJ; Hillyard, SA
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3461-3468; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> It is widely reported that inverting a face dramatically affects its
> recognition. Previous studies have shown that face inversion increases
> the amplitude and delays the latency of the face-specific N170 component
> of the event-related potential (ERP) and also enhances the amplitude of
> the occipital P1 component (latency 100-132 ms). The present study
> investigates whether these effects of face inversion can be modulated by
> visual spatial attention. Participants viewed two streams of visual
> stimuli, one to the left and one to the right of fixation. One stream
> consisted of a sequence of alphanumeric characters at 6.67 Hz, and the
> other stream consisted of a series of upright and inverted images of
> faces and houses presented in randomized order. The participants' task
> was to attend selectively to one or the other of the streams (during
> different blocks) in order to detect infrequent target stimuli. ERPs
> elicited by inverted faces showed larger P1 amplitudes compared to
> upright faces, but only when the faces were attended. In contrast, the
> N170 amplitude was larger to inverted than to upright faces only when
> the faces were not attended. The N170 peak latency was delayed to
> inverted faces regardless of attention condition. These inversion
> effects were face specific, as similar effects were absent for houses.
> These results suggest that early stages of face-specific processing can
> be enhanced by attention, but when faces are not attended the onset of
> face-specific processing is delayed until the latency range of the N170.
> Published by Elsevier Ltd.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3469-3477 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700032
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The consequences of progressive phonological impairment for reading aloud
>
> Authors:
> Woollams, AM; Patterson, K
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3469-3477; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The 'primary systems' view of reading disorders proposes that there are
> no neural regions devoted exclusively to reading, and therefore that
> acquired dyslexias should reliably co-occur with deficits in more
> general underlying capacities. This perspective predicted that surface
> dyslexia, a selective deficit in reading aloud 'exception' words (those
> with atypical spelling-sound characteristics), should be a consistent
> feature of semantic dementia, a progressive disorder of conceptual
> knowledge, and just such a pattern has been observed in previous
> research. In a similar vein, one might expect the gradual deterioration
> of phonological processing seen in the nonfluent forms of progressive
> aphasia to be accompanied by phonological dyslexia, a selective deficit
> in reading of unfamiliar letter strings, i.e., nonwords. The present
> study, reporting a case-series consideration of reading-aloud data from
> 16 progressive nonfluent aphasic patients, revealed a pattern in which
> both low-frequency exception word and nonword reading were comparably
> compromised. The severity of the reading disorder was predicted by
> scores on the expressive language task of picture naming but not the
> receptive task of spoken word-to-picture matching. Our hypothesis that a
> phonological deficit underpins diminished performance for both naming
> and reading was supported by the finding that reading-aloud performance
> was predicted specifically by the rate of phonological errors in picture
> naming. Moreover, the strength of this relationship was similar for
> low-frequency exception words and nonwords, suggesting that reading
> deficits for these two types of items in this disorder shared a common
> cause: a progressive impairment of phonological processing. (C) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3478-3487 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700033
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Unmasking the contribution of low-level features to the guidance of attention
>
> Authors:
> Ossandon, JP; Onat, S; Cazzoli, D; Nyffeler, T; Muri, R; Konig, P
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3478-3487; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The role of low-level stimulus-driven control in the guidance of overt
> visual attention has been difficult to establish because low- and
> high-level visual content are spatially correlated within natural visual
> stimuli. Here we show that impairment of parietal cortical areas, either
> permanently by a lesion or reversibly by repetitive transcranial
> magnetic stimulation (rTMS), leads to fixation of locations with higher
> values of low-level features as compared to control subjects or in a
> no-rTMS condition. Moreover, this unmasking of stimulus-driven control
> crucially depends on the intrahemispheric balance between top-down and
> bottom-up cortical areas. This result suggests that although in normal
> behavior high-level features might exert a strong influence, low-level
> features do contribute to guide visual selection during the exploration
> of complex natural stimuli. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3488-3495 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700034
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Exploring the content and quality of episodic future simulations in semantic dementia
>
> Authors:
> Irish, M; Addis, DR; Hodges, JR; Piguet, O
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3488-3495; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Semantic dementia (SD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder
> characterised by the amodal loss of semantic knowledge in the context of
> relatively preserved recent episodic memory. Recent studies have
> demonstrated that despite relatively intact episodic memory the capacity
> for future simulation in SD is profoundly impaired, resulting in an
> asymmetric profile where past retrieval is significantly better than
> future simulation (referred to as a past > future effect). Here, we
> sought to identify the origins of this asymmetric profile by conducting
> a fine-grained analysis of the contextual details provided during past
> retrieval and future simulation in SD. Participants with SD (n=14),
> Alzheimer's disease (n=11), and healthy controls (n=14) had previously
> completed an experimental Past-Future interview in which they generated
> three past events from the previous year, and three future events in the
> next year, and provided subjective qualitative ratings of vividness,
> emotional valence, emotional intensity, task difficulty, and personal
> significance for each event described. Our results confirmed the
> striking impairment for future simulation in SD, despite a relative
> preservation of past episodic retrieval. Examination of the contextual
> details provided for past memories and future simulations revealed
> significant impairments irrespective of contextual detail type for
> future simulations in SD, and demonstrated that the future thinking
> deficit in this cohort was driven by a marked decline in the provision
> of internal (episodic) event details. In contrast with this past >
> future effect for internal event details, SD patients displayed a future
>> past effect for external (non-episodic) event details. Analyses of the
> qualitative ratings provided for past and future events indicated that
> SD patients' phenomenological experience did not differ between temporal
> conditions. Our findings underscore the fact that successful extraction
> of episodic elements from the past is not sufficient for the generation
> of novel future simulations in SD. The notable disconnect between
> objective task performance and patients' subjective experience during
> future simulation likely reflects the tendency of SD patients to recast
> entire past events into the future condition. Accordingly, the
> familiarity of the recapitulated details results in similar ratings of
> vividness and emotionality across temporal conditions, despite marked
> differences in the richness of contextual details as the patient moves
> from the past to the future. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3496-3508 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700035
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Daily-life contact affects the own-age bias and neural correlates of face memory in elderly participants
>
> Authors:
> Wiese, H; Komes, J; Schweinberger, SR
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3496-3508; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Previous studies revealed consistently enhanced recognition memory for
> same- as compared to other-age faces (own-age bias, OAB) in young
> adults, but inconsistent results in elderly participants. To resolve
> these discrepancies, we examined recognition memory and event-related
> potentials (ERPs) for young and old faces in young participants and two
> elderly groups, who either reported high or low degrees of daily contact
> with elderly relative to younger persons. As expected, young adults
> showed more accurate memory for young versus old faces. While no OAB was
> found in old/low contact participants, old/high contact participants
> were more accurate with old versus young faces. ERPs in young adults
> revealed a parietal old/new effect from 500 to 800 ms (hits > correct
> rejections) for young but not old faces. Whereas no old/new effect was
> seen in the old/low contact group, the old/high contact participants
> exhibited a prominent reversed old/new effect (hits < correct
> rejections) for old faces. These results suggest that contact may
> account for earlier discrepant results with regard to the OAB in elderly
> participants. A behavioral OAB in elderly participants may depend on
> high degrees of contact towards old people. The finding of ERP old/new
> effects specific to own-age faces suggests enhanced recollection of
> study phase detail in young participants, whereas it may reflect
> increased engagement in processes aiming at compensating for a deficit
> in recollection in elderly participants. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All
> rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3509-3518 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700036
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Age differences of multivariate network expressions during task-switching and their associations with behavior
>
> Authors:
> Gazes, Y; Rakitin, BC; Habeck, C; Steffener, J; Stern, Y
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3509-3518; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The effect of aging on functional network activation associated with
> task-switching was examined in 24 young (age = 25.2 +/- 2.73 years) and
> 23 older adults (age = 65.2 +/- 2.65 years) using functional Magnetic
> Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The study goals were to (1) identify a network
> shared by both young and older adults, (2) identify additional networks
> in each age group, and (3) examine the relationship between the networks
> identified and behavioral performance in task-switching. Ordinal Trend
> Covariance Analysis was used to identify the networks, which takes
> advantage of increasing activation with greater task demand to isolate
> the network of regions recruited by task-switching. Two task-related
> networks were found: a shared network that was strongly expressed by
> both young and older adults and a second network identified in the young
> data that was residualized from the shared network. Both networks
> consisted of regions associated with task-switching in previous studies
> including the middle frontal gyrus, the precentral gyrus, the anterior
> cingulate, and the superior parietal lobule. Not only was pattern
> expression of the shared network associated with reaction time in both
> age groups, the difference in the pattern expression across task
> conditions (task-switch minus single-task) was also correlated with the
> difference in RT across task conditions. On the contrary, expression of
> the young-residual network showed a large age effect such that older
> adults do not increase expression of the network with greater task
> demand as young adults do and correlation between expression and
> accuracy was significant only for young adults. Thus, while a network
> related to RT is preserved in older adults, a different network related
> to accuracy is disrupted. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3519-3527 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700037
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Memory signals from the thalamus: Early thalamocortical phase synchronization entrains gamma oscillations during long-term memory retrieval
>
> Authors:
> Staudigl, T; Zaehle, T; Voges, J; Hanslmayr, S; Esslinger, C; Hinrichs,
> H; Schmitt, FC; Heinze, HJ; Richardson-Klavehn, A
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3519-3527; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The thalamus is believed to be a key node in human memory networks,
> however, very little is known about its real-time functional role. Here
> we examined the dynamics of thalamocortical communication during
> long-term episodic memory retrieval in two experiments. In Experiment 1,
> intrathalamic and surface EEG was recorded in an epileptic patient
> implanted with depth electrodes for brain stimulation therapy. In a
> recognition memory test, early (300-500 ms) stimulus-linked oscillatory
> synchrony between mediodorsal thalamic and frontal surface electrodes at
> beta frequency (20 Hz) was enhanced for correctly remembered old
> compared to correctly rejected new items. Directionality measures
> (Granger causality) indicated that the thalamus was the sender, and the
> neocortex the receiver, of this beta signal, which also modulated the
> power of neocortical gamma (55-80 Hz) oscillations (cross-frequency
> coupling). Experiment 2 validated the cross-frequency coupling effects
> in a healthy participant sample. Confirming the findings from Experiment
> 1, significantly increased cross-frequency coupling was found over
> frontal scalp electrodes during successful recognition. Extending
> anatomical knowledge on thalamic connectivity with frontal neocortex,
> these results suggest that the thalamus sends an early memory signal to
> frontal regions, triggering further memory search processes. (C) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3528-3541 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700038
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The neural basis of autobiographical memory deficits in transient epileptic amnesia
>
> Authors:
> Milton, F; Butler, CR; Benattayallah, A; Zeman, AZJ
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3528-3541; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a recently recognized form of
> temporal lobe epilepsy which is often associated with persistent
> interictal impairment of autobiographical memory. We used fMRI to
> investigate the neural basis of this deficit. Eleven patients with TEA,
> who had no significant deficits on standard tests of anterograde memory,
> and 17 age and IQ matched healthy controls retrieved memories from
> across the lifespan. Both groups engaged the autobiographical memory
> network, but activation in patients was less extensive than in controls.
> Direct comparison revealed hypoactivation of regions in the right
> hemisphere. Specifically, patients showed reduced activation of the
> posterior parahippocampal gyrus (pPHG), especially for mid-life and
> recent memories, with decreased engagement of the right temporoparietal
> junction and the cerebellum. In addition, we found reduced effective
> connectivity in patients between the right pPHG and the right middle
> temporal gyrus. Our results are consistent with other evidence that TEA
> is a syndrome of medial temporal lobe epilepsy and indicate that it
> affects the function and connectivity of regions within the
> autobiographical memory network. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3542-3553 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700039
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The temporal dynamics of inflected word recognition: A masked ERP priming study of French verbs
>
> Authors:
> Royle, P; Drury, JE; Bourguignon, N; Steinhauer, K
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3542-3553; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Morphological aspects of human language processing have been suggested
> by some to be reducible to the combination of orthographic and semantic
> effects, while others propose that morphological structure is
> represented separately from semantics and orthography and involves
> distinct neuro-cognitive processing mechanisms. Here we used
> event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate semantic,
> morphological and formal (orthographic) processing conjointly in a
> masked priming paradigm. We directly compared morphological to both
> semantic and formal/orthographic priming (shared letters) on verbs.
> Masked priming was used to reduce strategic effects related to prime
> perception and to suppress semantic priming effects. The three types of
> priming led to distinct ERP and behavioral patterns: semantic priming
> was not found, while formal and morphological priming resulted in
> diverging ERP patterns. These results are consistent with models of
> lexical processing that make reference to morphological structure. We
> discuss how they fit in with the existing literature and how unresolved
> issues could be addressed in further studies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All
> rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3554-3563 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700040
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The Met-genotype of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with reduced Stroop interference in elderly
>
> Authors:
> Gajewski, PD; Hengstler, JG; Golka, K; Falkenstein, M; Beste, C
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3554-3563; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Aging is accompanied by impairments of executive functions that rely on
> the functional integrity of fronto-striatal networks. This integrity is
> modulated by the release of neurotrophins like the
> brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here, we investigate effects
> of the functional BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on interference processing
> in 131 healthy elderly subjects using event-related potentials (ERPs).
> In a Stroop task, participants had to indicate the name or the colour of
> colour-words while colour was either compatible or incompatible with the
> name. We show that susceptibility to Stroop-interference is affected by
> the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism: the Met-allele carriers showed better
> performance and enhanced N450 in interference trials. Other processes
> necessary to prepare and allocate cognitive resources to a particular
> task were not affected by BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, underlining the
> specificity of the observed effects. The observed performance and ERP
> difference is possibly due to dopamine related effects of BDNF in
> fronto-striatal networks, where it putatively mediates a shift in the
> balance of the direct and indirect pathway involved in inhibitory
> functions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3564-3572 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700041
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Discourse production following injury to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
>
> Authors:
> Coelho, C; Le, K; Mozeiko, J; Krueger, F; Grafman, J
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3564-3572; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Individuals with damage. to the prefrontal cortex, and the dorsolateral
> prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in particular, often demonstrate difficulties
> with the formulation of complex language not attributable to aphasia.
> The present study employed a discourse analysis procedure to
> characterize the language of individuals with left (L) or right (R)
> DLPFC lesions. All participants were 30-35 years post-onset of injury
> and presented with persistent discourse impairments. The discourse
> performance of the R DLPFC group was not significantly different from
> either the L DLPFC group or the non-injured comparison group.
> Individuals from the L DLPFC group demonstrated specific difficulties
> with narrative coherence and inclusion of critical story components.
> Both measures were significantly different from the comparison group.
> The discourse ability of the DLPFC groups was significantly correlated
> with measures of working memory. Findings support the use of discourse
> analysis for examining language impairments in individuals with PFC
> lesions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3573-3587 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700042
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Semantic memory recognition is supported by intrinsic recollection-like processes: "The butcher on the bus" revisited
>
> Authors:
> Waidergoren, S; Segalowicz, J; Gilboa, A
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3573-3587; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Dual-process models suggest that recognition memory is independently
> supported by recollection and familiarity. Current theories attribute
> recollection solely to hippocampally mediated episodic memory (EM), and
> familiarity to both episodic and semantic memory (SM) supported by
> medial temporal lobe cortex (MTLC) and prefrontal cortex. We tested
> whether, contrary to this view, recollection-like processes also
> intrinsically support SM recognition and whether MTL structures are
> involved in their execution. A semantic Process Dissociation Procedure
> (PDP) with famous and non-famous names was used in three experiments.
> Experiment 1 revealed that recollection-like processes in semantic
> memory were not associated with episodic memory for the public events,
> were predicted by performance on standard SM tasks and were independent
> of EM tasks, suggesting they are intrinsic to SM. Experiment 2
> demonstrated the independence of the two process estimates by showing
> only familiarity was affected by shifting response criterion while only
> recollection estimates were significantly altered under
> divided-attention. Finally experiment 3 tested amnesic patients with
> varying degrees of hippocampal and MTLC damage. Despite normal overall
> fame recognition performance, recollection estimates were specifically
> affected by MTL damage. When damage was primarily hippocampal, only
> retrograde recollection estimates were reduced, while more extensive
> MTLC damage led to both retrograde and anterograde recollection
> deficits. We conclude that recognition of semantic information is
> supported by at least two independent processes akin to the ones that
> support EM recognition. Recollection-like processes are intrinsic to SM
> and likely do not reflect EM contribution to SM performance. Together
> with previous studies of recollection in remote memory, these data
> suggest that recollection is not a unitary phenomenon. In EM it involves
> autonoetic re-experiencing, and is supported by interaction of
> fronto-temporal networks; in EM and SM it supports retrieval of
> contextual/associative information regardless of consciousness type, and
> is dependent on intact MTL function. Familiarity processes and neural
> substrates may also differ between lifetime familiarity and
> within-session familiarity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3588-3599 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700043
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The face-sensitive N170 component in developmental prosopagnosia
>
> Authors:
> Towler, J; Gosling, A; Duchaine, B; Eimer, M
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3588-3599; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DP) show severe face
> recognition deficits in the absence of any history of neurological
> damage. To examine the time-course of face processing in DP, we measured
> the face-sensitive N170 component of the event-related brain potential
> (ERP) in a group of 16 participants with DP and 16 age-matched control
> participants. Reliable enhancements of N170 amplitudes in response to
> upright faces relative to houses were found for the DP group. This
> effect was equivalent in size to the effect observed for controls,
> demonstrating normal face-sensitivity of the N170 component in DP. Face
> inversion enhanced N170 amplitudes in the control group, but not for
> DPs, suggesting that many DPs do not differentiate between upright and
> inverted faces in the typical manner. These N170 face inversion effects
> were present for younger but not older controls, while they were absent
> for both younger and older DPs. Results suggest that the early
> face-sensitivity of visual processing is preserved in most individuals
> with DP, but that the face processing system in many DPs is not
> selectively tuned to the canonical upright orientation of faces. (C)
> 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3600-3611 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700044
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Evaluative vs. trait representation in intergroup social judgments: Distinct roles of anterior temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex
>
> Authors:
> Gilbert, SJ; Swencionis, JK; Amodio, DM
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3600-3611; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> When interacting with someone from another social group, one's responses
> may be influenced by both stereotypes and evaluations. Given behavioral
> results suggesting that stereotypes and evaluative associations operate
> independently, we used fMRI to test whether these biases are mediated by
> distinct brain systems. White participants viewed pairs of Black or
> White faces and judged them based on an evaluation (who would you
> befriend?) or a stereotype-relevant trait (who is more likely to enjoy
> athletic activities?). Multi-voxel pattern analysis revealed that a
> predominantly occipital network represented race in a context-invariant
> manner. However, lateral orbitofrontal cortex preferentially represented
> race during friendship judgments, whereas anterior medial prefrontal
> cortex preferentially represented race during trait judgments.
> Furthermore, representation of race in left temporal pole correlated
> with a behavioral measure of evaluative bias during friendship judgments
> and, independently, a measure of stereotyping during trait judgments.
> Whereas early sensory regions represent race in an apparently invariant
> manner, representations in higher-level regions are multi-componential
> and context-dependent. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3612-3620 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700045
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The neurobiology of schizotypy: Fronto-striatal prediction error signal correlates with delusion-like beliefs in healthy people
>
> Authors:
> Corlett, PR; Fletcher, PC
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3612-3620; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Healthy people sometimes report experiences and beliefs that are
> strikingly similar to the symptoms of psychosis in their bizarreness and
> the apparent lack of evidence supporting them. An important question is
> whether this represents merely a superficial resemblance or whether
> there is a genuine and deep similarity indicating, as some have
> suggested, a continuum between odd but healthy beliefs and the symptoms
> of psychotic illness. We sought to shed light on this question by
> determining whether the neural marker for prediction error - previously
> shown to be altered in early psychosis - is comparably altered in
> healthy individuals reporting schizotypal experiences and beliefs. We
> showed that non-clinical schizotypal experiences were significantly
> correlated with aberrant frontal and striatal prediction error signal.
> This correlation related to the distress associated with the beliefs.
> Given our previous observations that patients with first episode
> psychosis show altered neural responses to prediction error and that
> this alteration, in turn, relates to the severity of their delusional
> ideation, our results provide novel evidence in support of the view that
> schizotypy relates to psychosis at more than just a superficial
> descriptive level. However, the picture is a complex one in which the
> experiences, though associated with altered striatal responding, may
> provoke distress but may nonetheless be explained away, while an
> additional alteration in frontal cortical responding may allow the
> beliefs to become more delusion-like: intrusive and distressing. (C)
> 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3621-3635 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700046
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Reading without the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex
>
> Authors:
> Seghier, ML; Neufeld, NH; Zeidman, P; Leff, AP; Mechelli, A; Nagendran,
> A; Riddoch, JM; Humphreys, GW; Price, CJ
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3621-3635; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The left ventral occipito-temporal cortex (LvOT) is thought to be
> essential for the rapid parallel letter processing that is required for
> skilled reading. Here we investigate whether rapid written word
> identification in skilled readers can be supported by neural pathways
> that do not involve LvOT. Hypotheses were derived from a stroke patient
> who acquired dyslexia following extensive LvOT damage. The patient
> followed a reading trajectory typical of that associated with pure
> alexia, re-gaining the ability to read aloud many words with declining
> performance as the length of words increased. Using functional MRI and
> dynamic causal modelling (DCM), we found that, when short (three to five
> letter) familiar words were read successfully, visual inputs to the
> patient's occipital cortex were connected to left motor and premotor
> regions via activity in a central part of the left superior temporal
> sulcus (STS). The patient analysis therefore implied a left hemisphere
> "reading-without-LvOT" pathway that involved STS. We then investigated
> whether the same reading-without-LvOT pathway could be identified in 29
> skilled readers and whether there was inter-subject variability in the
> degree to which skilled reading engaged LvOT. We found that functional
> connectivity in the reading-without-LvOT pathway was strongest in
> individuals who had the weakest functional connectivity in the LvOT
> pathway. This observation validates the findings of our patient's case
> study. Our findings highlight the contribution of a left hemisphere
> reading pathway that is activated during the rapid identification of
> short familiar written words, particularly when LvOT is not involved.
> Preservation and use of this pathway may explain how patients are still
> able to read short words accurately when LvOT has been damaged. (C) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3636-3640 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700047
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Verbal fluency in Parkinson's disease patients on/off dopamine medication
>
> Authors:
> Herrera, E; Cuetos, F; Ribacoba, R
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3636-3640; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with dopamine
> depletion in the fronto-striatal network which affects some language
> aspects such as verb processing. Some experiments have demonstrated that
> dopamine deficiency plays a role in the normal functioning of the
> lexico-semantic system. As a result, the verbal fluency task could be a
> useful tool to assess the function of the semantic system, by examining
> both the number of words generated and the frequency of use of those
> words.
> Objective: The aim of this study was to find out how dopamine affects
> the performance of PD patients using a verbal fluency task, focussing on
> action-word fluency.
> Method: A group of 20 PD patients and 20 controls participated in the
> study. Participants were assessed with four different verbal fluency
> tasks: phonological, semantic (animal and supermarket words) and action
> fluency. PD patients were tested twice (on/off medication) and controls
> only once.
> Results: For the number of words, there were significant differences
> between PD patients on and off medication in the phonological and action
> fluency tasks. Compared to controls. PD off medication produced
> significantly fewer words in phonological, and actions. Regarding
> frequency, differences were found between PD patients off medication and
> controls for the action-word category.
> Discussion: Our data showed a specific deficit in PD patients off
> medication in categories mainly depending on frontal lobe function
> (phonological and actions) while these differences were restored with
> dopamine treatment. Moreover, PD patients off medication produced higher
> frequency verbs than controls, suggesting that dopamine affects the
> normal functioning within the lexico-semantic network of verbs. (C) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3641-3652 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700048
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Formation of automatic letter-colour associations in non-synaesthetes through likelihood manipulation of letter-colour pairings
>
> Authors:
> Kusnir, F; Thut, G
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3641-3652; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Grapheme-colour synaesthesia is a well-characterized phenomenon in which
> achromatic letters and/or digits automatically and systematically
> trigger specific colour sensations. Models of its underlying mechanisms
> diverge on a central question: whether triggered sensations reflect (1)
> an overdeveloped capacity in normal cross-modal processing (i.e.,
> sharing characteristics with the general population), or rather (2)
> qualitatively deviant processing (i.e., unique to a few individuals). To
> test to what extent synaesthesia-like (automatic) letter-colour
> associations may be learned by non-synaesthetes into adulthood, implied
> by (1), we developed a learning paradigm that aimed to implicitly train
> such associations via a visual search task that employed statistical
> probability learning of specific letter-colour pairs. In contrast to
> previous synaesthesia-training studies (Cohen Kadosh, Henik, Catena,
> Walsh, & Fuentes, 2009; Meier & Rothen, 2009), here all participants
> were naive as to the end-goal of the experiment (i.e., the formation of
> letter-colour associations), mimicking the learning conditions of
> acquired grapheme-colour synaesthesia (Hancock, 2006; Witthoft &
> Winawer, 2006). In two experiments, we found evidence for significant
> binding of colours to letters by non-synaesthetes. These newly-formed
> associations showed synaesthesia-like characteristics, because they
> correlated in strength with performance on individual synaesthetic
> Stroop-tasks (experiment 1), and because interference between the
> learned (associated) colour and the real colour during letter processing
> depended on their relative positions in colour space (opponent vs.
> non-opponent colours, experiment 2) suggesting automatic formation on a
> perceptual rather than conceptual level, analogous to synaesthesia.
> Although not evoking conscious colour percepts, these learned,
> synaesthesia-like associations in non-synaesthetes support that common
> mechanisms may underlie letter-colour associations in synaesthetes and
> non-synaesthetes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3653-3662 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700049
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> State-dependent changes of connectivity patterns and functional brain network topology in autism spectrum disorder
>
> Authors:
> Barttfeld, P; Wicker, B; Cukier, S; Navarta, S; Lew, S; Leiguarda, R;
> Sigman, M
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3653-3662; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Anatomical and functional brain studies have converged to the hypothesis
> that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with atypical
> connectivity. Using a modified resting-state paradigm to drive subjects'
> attention, we provide evidence of a very marked interaction between ASD
> brain functional connectivity and cognitive state. We show that
> functional connectivity changes in opposite ways in ASD and typicals as
> attention shifts from external world towards one's body generated
> information. Furthermore, ASD subject alter more markedly than typicals
> their connectivity across cognitive states. Using differences in brain
> connectivity across conditions, we ranked brain regions according to
> their classification power. Anterior insula and dorsal-anterior
> cingulate cortex were the regions that better characterize ASD
> differences with typical subjects across conditions, and this effect was
> modulated by ASD severity. These results pave the path for diagnosis of
> mental pathologies based on functional brain networks obtained from a
> library of mental states. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3663-3672 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700050
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Counterfactuals in action: An fMRI study of counterfactual sentences describing physical effort
>
> Authors:
> Urrutia, M; Gennari, SP; de Vega, M
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3663-3672; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Counterfactual statements such as if Mary had cleaned the room, she
> would have moved the sofa convey both actual and hypothetical actions,
> namely, that Mary did not clean the room or move the sofa, but she would
> have done so in some possible past situation. Such statements are
> ubiquitous in daily life and are involved in critical cognitive
> activities like decision-making and evaluation of alternative outcomes.
> Here, we investigate the brain mechanisms and the nature of the semantic
> representations involved in understanding the complex meaning of
> counterfactual statements. We used fMRI to examine brain responses to
> counterfactual statements describing actions of high and low physical
> effort and compared them to similar factual statements describing the
> same actions. Results indicated that the inferior parietal lobule, known
> to support planning of object-directed actions, responded more strongly
> to high-effort than low-effort statements. Moreover, counterfactual
> statements, compared to factual ones, recruited a distinctive neural
> network partially overlapping with action execution networks. This
> network included medial pre-motor and pre-frontal structures, which
> underpin selection and inhibition of alternative action representations,
> and parahippocampal and temporal regions, involved in retrieving
> episodic memories. We argue that counterfactual comprehension recruit
> action-related networks encoding and managing alternative
> representations of behaviors. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3673-3680 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700051
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Does delay impair localisation in blindsight?
>
> Authors:
> Carey, DP; Trevethan, CT; Weiskrantz, L; Sahraie, A
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3673-3680; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The unconscious sensorimotor skills which survive compromise of the
> geniculostriate visual pathway have been linked with activity of the
> dorsal stream of extrastriate occipitoparietal cortex. These
> sensorimotor circuits are thought to operate in real time. Therefore, an
> introduction of a delay between visual stimulus presentation and the
> patient's subsequent motor response should severely compromise
> sensorimotor tasks such as localisation (moving hand or eye to the
> location of a previously presented visual target). We tested this
> hypothesis in patient DB, a well-studied case of blindsight whose
> localisation abilities were first documented in the 1970s. Using eye
> tracking and hand movement recording technologies, as well as stimuli
> that control for light scatter, we verified the original observations of
> DB's manual and saccadic localisation. Remarkably, the introduction of a
> 4 s delay did not compromise his ability to localise with either eye or
> hand. A control experiment reveals that this skill does not depend on an
> opportunity to make a decision at the time of stimulus presentation,
> circumventing the delay using memory. These data suggest that DB's
> manual and saccadic localisation skills do not depend on the circuits of
> the dorsal stream, or that delay, contrary to theory, does not severely
> compromise dorsal sensorimotor skills. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3681-3692 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700052
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> When 'slime' becomes 'smile': Developmental letter position dyslexia in English
>
> Authors:
> Kohnen, S; Nickels, L; Castles, A; Friedmann, N; McArthur, G
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3681-3692; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> We report the first three cases of selective developmental letter
> position dyslexia in English. Although the parents and teachers of the
> children were concerned about these children's reading, standard tests
> did not reveal their deficit. It was only when the appropriate target
> words were presented, in this case, migratable words, that their letter
> position dyslexia was detected. Whereas previous research has described
> cases with acquired and developmental forms of letter position dyslexia
> in Hebrew and Arabic readers, this is the first report of this type of
> reading disorder in English. The cardinal symptom of letter position
> dyslexia is the migration of letters within the word (reading slime as
> 'smile': pirates as 'parties'). These migration errors occur in reading
> aloud as well as in tasks of silent reading. This study provides further
> evidence that migration errors emerge at the level of early
> visual-orthographic analysis, in the letter position encoding function.
> Alternative explanations for the occurrence of migration errors such as
> poor phonological processing or a deficit in the orthographic input
> lexicon are ruled out. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3693-3701 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700053
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Functional parcellation of the operculo-insular cortex in perceptual decision making: An fMRI study
>
> Authors:
> Rebola, J; Castelhano, J; Ferreira, C; Castelo-Branco, M
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3693-3701; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> A current challenge in cognitive neuroscience is to provide an explicit
> separation of the neural correlates of abstract global decision
> variables from sensory and integrative ones. In particular, the insular
> cortex and the adjacent frontal operculum seem to have a crucial but
> still unclear role in evidence accumulation and decision signaling in
> perceptual decision-making tasks. Here, we have used a visual
> decision-making paradigm based on the detection of ambiguous two-tone
> (Mooney) face stimuli to assess the emergence of holistic percepts.
> These are constructed using global gestalt rules and not by gradual
> spatiotemporal increases in sensory evidence. Our paradigm
> (neurochronometric approach) enabled the experimental separation between
> multiple cognitive components in perceptual decision validated by both
> model-driven and data-driven analysis. This strategy allowed for the
> functional dissection of operculo-insular networks into task related
> complexes such as anterior (accumulator), middle (decision) and
> posterior (somatosensory/sensorimotor). We conclude that global
> perceptual integration based on holistic rules requires a distributed
> operculo-insular network. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3702-3712 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700054
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Electrophysiological evidence of early word learning
>
> Authors:
> Junge, C; Cutler, A; Hagoort, P
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3702-3712; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Around their first birthday infants begin to talk, yet they comprehend
> words long before. This study investigated the event-related potentials
> (ERP) responses of nine-month-olds on basic level picture-word pairings.
> After a familiarization phase of six picture-word pairings per semantic
> category, comprehension for novel exemplars was tested in a picture-word
> matching paradigm. ERPs time-locked to pictures elicited a modulation of
> the Negative Central (Nc) component, associated with visual attention
> and recognition. It was attenuated by category repetition as well as by
> the type-token ratio of picture context. ERPs time-locked to words in
> the training phase became more negative with repetition (N300-600), but
> there was no influence of picture type-token ratio, suggesting that
> infants have identified the concept of each picture before a word was
> presented. Results from the test phase provided clear support that
> infants integrated word meanings with (novel) picture context. Here,
> infants showed different ERP responses for words that did or did not
> align with the picture context: a phonological mismatch (N200) and a
> semantic mismatch (N400). Together, results were informative of visual
> categorization, word recognition and word-to-world-mappings, all three
> crucial processes for vocabulary construction. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
> All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3713-3720 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700055
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> They played with the trade: MEG investigation of the processing of past tense verbs and their phonological twins
>
> Authors:
> Holland, R; Brindley, L; Shtyrov, Y; Pulvermuller, F; Patterson, K
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3713-3720; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> How regular and irregular verbs are processed remains a matter of
> debate. Some English-speaking patients with nonfluent aphasia are
> especially impaired on regular past-tense forms like PLAYED, whether the
> task requires production, comprehension or even the judgement that
> "PLAY" and "PLAYED" sound different. Within a dual-mechanism account of
> inflectional morphology, these deficits reflect disruption to the
> rule-based process that adds (or strips) the suffix -ed to regular verb
> stems; but the fact that the patients are also impaired at detecting the
> difference between word pairs like "TRAY" and "TRADE" (the latter being
> a phonological but not a morphological twin to "PLAYED") suggests an
> important role for phonological characteristics of the regular past
> tense. The present study examined MEG brain responses in healthy
> participants evoked by spoken regular past-tense forms and phonological
> twin words (plus twin pseudowords and a non-speech control) presented in
> a passive oddball paradigm. Deviant forms (PLAYED, TRADE, KWADE/KWAYED)
> relative to their standards (PLAY, TRAY, KWAY) elicited a pronounced
> neuromagnetic response at approximately 130 ms after the onset of the
> affix; this response was maximal at sensors over temporal areas of both
> hemispheres but stronger on the left, especially for PLAYED and (WAVED.
> Relative to the same standards, a different set of deviants ending in
> /t/-PLATE, TRAIT and KWATE-produced stronger difference responses
> especially over the right hemisphere. Results are discussed with regard
> to dual- and single-mechanism theories of past tense processing and the
> need to consider neurobiological evidence in attempts to understand
> inflectional morphology. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3721-3728 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700056
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Associative recognition in mild cognitive impairment: Relationship to hippocampal volume and apolipoprotein E
>
> Authors:
> Troyer, AK; Murphy, KJ; Anderson, ND; Craik, FIM; Moscovitch, M; Maione,
> A; Gao, FQ
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3721-3728; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Associative memory involves remembering relations between items of
> information and is critically dependent on the hippocampus, a brain
> structure that shows early changes in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
> (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease. We examined associative and item memory
> in aMCI with a focus on the role of medial-temporal lobe regions and
> genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. Twenty-four individuals with aMCI
> and 21 demographically matched healthy older adults underwent
> associative recognition testing, structural brain imaging, and
> apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotyping. A significant interaction between
> group and recognition type indicated poorer associative recognition than
> item recognition across tasks in the aMCI group relative to controls.
> Within the aMCI group, associative but not item recognition showed
> sizable and significant correlations with hippocampal volume (but not
> with other medial temporal-lobe structures) and with number of ApoE
> epsilon 4 alleles. Correlations were smaller and generally not
> significant in the control group. Our findings replicate and extend
> previous studies by showing an associative recognition impairment in
> aMCI that is not accounted for by an item recognition deficit, is
> related to structural integrity of the hippocampus, and increases with
> genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3729-3735 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700057
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> 1 Hz rTMS of the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) modifies sensorimotor timing
>
> Authors:
> Krause, V; Bashir, S; Pollok, B; Caipa, A; Schnitzler, A; Pascual-Leone,
> A
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3729-3735; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> In order to investigate the relevance of the left posterior parietal
> cortex (PPC) for precise sensorimotor timing we applied 1 Hz repetitive
> transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over left PPC, right PPC and
> visual cortex of healthy participants for 10 min, respectively. The
> impact on sensorimotor timing of the right hand was assessed using a
> synchronization task that required subjects to synchronize their right
> index finger taps with respect to constant auditory, visual or
> auditory-visual pacing. Our results reveal reduced negative tap-to-pacer
> asynchronies following rTMS of the left PPC in all pacing conditions.
> This effect lasted for about 5 min after cessation of rTMS. Right PPC
> and visual cortex stimulation did not yield any significant behavioural
> effects. Since suppression of left PPC modified right-hand
> synchronization accuracy independent of the pacing signal's modality,
> the present data support the significance of left PPC for anticipatory
> motor control over a primary role in multisensory integration. The
> present data suggest that 1 Hz rTMS might interrupt a matching process
> of anticipated and real sensorimotor feedback within PPC. Alternatively,
> downregulation of left PPC activity may affect M1 excitability via
> functional connections leading to a delay in motor output and, thus,
> smaller tap-to-pacer asynchronies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3736-3744 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700058
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Nonconscious emotional processing involves distinct neural pathways for pictures and videos
>
> Authors:
> Faivre, N; Charron, S; Roux, P; Lehericy, S; Kouider, S
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3736-3744; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Facial expressions are known to impact observers' behavior, even when
> they are not consciously identifiable. Relying on visual crowding, a
> perceptual phenomenon whereby peripheral faces become undiscriminable,
> we show that participants exposed to happy vs. neutral crowded faces
> rated the pleasantness of subsequent neutral targets accordingly to the
> facial expression's valence. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging
> (fMRI) along with psychophysiological interaction analysis, we
> investigated the neural determinants of this nonconscious preference
> bias, either induced by static (i.e., pictures) or dynamic (i.e.,
> videos) facial expressions. We found that while static expressions
> activated primarily the ventral visual pathway (including task-related
> functional connectivity between the fusiform face area and the
> amygdala), dynamic expressions triggered the dorsal visual pathway
> (i.e., posterior partietal cortex) and the substantia innominata, a
> structure that is contiguous with the dorsal amygdala. As temporal cues
> are known to improve the processing of visible facial expressions, the
> absence of ventral activation we observed with crowded videos questions
> the capacity to integrate facial features and facial motions without
> awareness. Nevertheless, both static and dynamic facial expressions
> activated the hippocampus and the orbitofrontal cortex, suggesting that
> nonconscious preference judgments may arise from the evaluation of
> emotional context and the computation of aesthetic evaluation. (C) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3745-3756 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700059
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Prefrontal cortex contributions to controlled memory judgment: fMRI evidence from adolescents and young adults
>
> Authors:
> Jaeger, A; Selmeczy, D; O'Connor, AR; Diaz, M; Dobbins, IG
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3745-3756; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Cortical regions supporting cognitive control and memory judgment are
> structurally immature in adolescents. Here we studied adolescents (13-15
> y.o.) and young adults (20-22 y.o.) using a recognition memory paradigm
> that modulates cognitive control demands through cues that
> probabilistically forecast memory probe status. Behaviorally,
> adolescence was associated with quicker responding in the presence of
> invalid cues compared to young adulthood. fMRI data demonstrated that
> while both groups increasingly activated posterior dorsolateral
> prefrontal (dIPFC), midline, and lateral parietal regions for invalidly
> compared to validly cued trials, this differential invalid cueing
> response ended sooner in adolescents, consistent with their quicker
> responding on invalidly cued trials. Critically, dIPFC also demonstrated
> reversed brain-behavior associations across the groups. Increased mean
> dIPFC activation during invalid cueing was linked to improved
> performance in young adults, whereas increases within adolescents were
> linked to impaired performance. Resting state connectivity analysis
> revealed greater connectivity between dIPFC and episodic retrieval
> linked regions in young adults relative to adolescents. These data
> demonstrate that the functional interpretation of dIPFC activation
> hinges on its physical maturation and suggest that the pattern of
> behavioral and neural response in adolescents reflects different
> functional integration of cognitive control and memory systems. (C) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3757-3763 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700060
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Genetics and mathematics: FMR1 premutation female carriers
>
> Authors:
> Semenza, C; Bonollo, S; Polli, R; Busana, C; Pignatti, R; Iuculano, T;
> Laverda, AM; Priftis, K; Murgia, A
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3757-3763; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Neuropsychological investigations of FMR1 premutation carriers without
> FXTAS present one domain resulting in contradictory findings, namely
> that of mathematical skills. One reason for this might be that standard
> clinical batteries used so far may be inadequate to uncover precise
> deficits within specific mathematical skills. In fact, these batteries
> do not clearly distinguish between specific mathematical abilities and
> are therefore likely to provide only a generic indication of a deficit.
> Mathematical skills in a group of females with FMR1 premutation were
> investigated through the use of an extensive, theoretically grounded
> battery of mathematical tasks, encompassing counting, number
> comprehension, numerical transcoding, calculation skills and arithmetic
> principles. Moreover, the mental representation of numbers was assessed
> by studying the Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC)
> effect and mental number line (MNL) bisection.
> The FMR1 premutation group (N=18) comprised 29-50 years old women of
> normal intelligence, who were individually matched on age, sex and
> education to a group of healthy participants (N=18). Specific yet subtle
> weaknesses were detected on processes of basic number understanding such
> as dealing with analogue scales and certain aspects of number
> transcoding, in the presence of otherwise spared calculation abilities.
> (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3764-3774 (Review)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700061
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Explaining the encoding/retrieval flip: Memory-related deactivations and activations in the posteromedial cortex
>
> Authors:
> Huijbers, W; Vannini, P; Sperling, RA; Pennartz, CM; Cabeza, R;
> Daselaar, SM
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3764-3774; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> The posteromedial cortex (PMC) is strongly linked to episodic memory and
> age-related memory deficits. The PMC shows deactivations during a
> variety of demanding cognitive tasks as compared to passive baseline
> conditions and has been associated with the default-mode of the brain.
> Interestingly, the PMC exhibits opposite levels of functional MRI
> activity during encoding (learning) and retrieval (remembering), a
> pattern dubbed the encoding/retrieval flip (E/R-flip). Yet, the exact
> role of the PMC in memory function has remained unclear. This review
> discusses the possible neurofunctional and clinical significance of the
> E/R-flip pattern. Regarding neurofunctional relevance, we will review
> four hypotheses on PMC function: (1) the internal orienting account, (2)
> the self-referential processing account, (3) the reallocation account,
> and (4) the bottom-up attention account. None of these accounts seem to
> provide a complete explanation for the E/R-flip pattern in PMC Regarding
> clinical relevance, we review work on aging and Alzheimer's disease,
> indicating that amyloid deposits within PMC, years before clinical
> memory deficits become apparent. High amyloid burden within PMC is
> associated with detrimental influences on memory encoding, in
> particular, the attenuation of beneficial PMC deactivations. Finally, we
> discuss functional subdivisions within PMC that help to provide a more
> precise picture of the variety of signals observed within PMC Collective
> data from anatomical, task-related fMRI and resting-state studies all
> indicate that the PMC is composed of three main regions, the precuneus,
> retrosplenial, and posterior cingulate cortex, each with a distinct
> function. We will conclude with a summary of the findings and provide
> directions for future research. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3775-3780 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700062
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Action blind: Disturbed self-other integration in schizophrenia
>
> Authors:
> Liepelt, R; Schneider, JC; Aichert, DS; Wostmann, N; Dehning, S; Moller,
> HJ; Riedel, M; Dolk, T; Ettinger, U
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3775-3780; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> Recent research using individual task settings suggests that a major
> problem in schizophrenia is a dysfunctional theory of mind system
> leading to false mental state attributions. However, if a more low-level
> deficit to integrate own and other's actions (action blindness) is
> present in schizophrenia is still unknown. Using a Social Simon task, we
> tested if schizophrenia patients have a deficit in self-other
> integration. Further, we tested for a possible genetic bias of this
> dysfunction by studying clinically unaffected first-degree relatives of
> schizophrenia patients. While schizophrenia patients showed no Social
> Simon effect, we found a reliable Social Simon effect in healthy
> participants and first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients. joint
> task performance differed statistically between patients and healthy
> controls. We did not find any differences in the size of the Social
> Simon effects of relatives and healthy controls. The present findings
> suggest that schizophrenia patients have severe problems with self-other
> integration, which may lead to problems in social interactions. Since
> first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients showed a reliable
> Social Simon effect, the evidence for a genetic bias of this social
> dysfunction in schizophrenia however is weak. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All
> rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 3781-3785 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000313142700063
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Theory of mind development can withstand compromised episodic memory development
>
> Authors:
> Rabin, JS; Braverman, A; Gilboa, A; Stuss, DT; Rosenbaum, RS
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 50 (14):3781-3785; DEC 2012
>
> Abstract:
> As humans, we are consciously aware of unobservable mental states,
> including our own during episodic memory and other people's by having a
> "theory of mind" (ToM). Episodic memory and ToM are closely related:
> they share a neural substrate and emerge close in time in ontogenetic
> development. This relationship is central to prominent child development
> and cognitive neuroscience theories of ToM, but its causal nature has
> not been tested empirically. The current study examined whether normal
> episodic memory development is necessary for normal ToM development. To
> investigate this, we tested H.C., a young woman with impaired episodic
> memory development due to early hippocampal damage, on a wide range of
> ToM measures. H.C.'s performance was indistinguishable from that of
> controls on all tests of ToM suggesting that, contrary to theoretical
> claims in the literature, normal episodic memory development and
> hippocampal function are not essential for the development of ToM. (C)
> 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
>