Journal Alert - QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

> Journal Name: QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (ISSN: 1747-0218)
> Issue: Vol. 66 No. 2, 2013
>
>
> Title:
> A look into the ballot box: Gaze following conveys information about implicit attitudes toward politicians
>
> Authors:
> Liuzza, MT; Vecchione, M; Dentale, F; Crostella, F; Barbaranelli, C;
> Caprara, GV; Aglioti, SM
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):209-216; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Although considered a predominantly automatic social behaviour, gaze
> following (GF) is sensitive to complex social factors like political
> affiliation and ideology. The present study aimed to determine whether
> the differential proneness to in-group leaders' gaze is related to
> attitudes towards politicians as measured by other implicit procedures.
> A GF paradigm was used to test the extent to which electors were prone
> to gaze following when attending to two female candidates who competed
> for the position of governor in an Italian election campaign. Results
> showed that GF significantly predicts voting intentions. Also, it was
> found that GF is significantly and positively correlated with the
> Implicit Association Test (IAT). Hierarchical multiple regression models
> illustrated that GF and IAT uniquely predict voting intentions,
> accounting for a substantial proportion of variance. Thus GF and IAT,
> even though significantly related, seem to account for different aspects
> of the attitudes towards candidates. A multivariate regression model
> showed that, while IAT scores are predicted by explicit emotions toward
> the candidate, GF is predicted by the candidates' perceived influence
> within their political coalition.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 217-228 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800002
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>
> Title:
> Learned predictiveness influences automatic evaluations in human contingency learning
>
> Authors:
> Le Pelley, ME; Calvini, G; Spears, R
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):217-228; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Experiments used an affective priming procedure to investigate whether
> evaluative conditioning in humans is subject to bias as a consequence of
> differences in the learned predictiveness of the cues involved.
> Experiment 1, using brief prime presentation, demonstrated stronger
> affective priming for cues that had been predictive of a neutral
> attribute prior to evaluative conditioning than for those that had been
> nonpredictive. Experiment 2, using longer prime presentation, found a
> reversed priming effect for previously predictive cues but not for
> previously nonpredictive cues. The implication is that the effect
> observed with brief prime presentation reflects the operation of
> fast-acting, automatic evaluation mechanisms and hence that evaluative
> conditioning can be biased by our previous learning about the
> predictiveness of cues.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 229-244 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800003
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>
> Title:
> Kinematics matters: A new eye-tracking investigation of animated triangles
>
> Authors:
> Roux, P; Passerieux, C; Ramus, F
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):229-244; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Eye movements have been recently recorded in participants watching
> animated triangles in short movies that normally evoke mentalizing
> (FrithHappe animations). Authors have found systematic differences in
> oculomotor behaviour according to the degree of mental state attribution
> to these triangles: Participants made longer fixations and looked longer
> at intentional triangles than at triangles moving randomly. However, no
> study has yet explored kinematic characteristics of FrithHappe
> animations and their influence on eye movements. In a first experiment,
> we have run a quantitative kinematic analysis of FrithHappe animations
> and found that the time triangles spent moving and the distance between
> them decreased with the mentalistic complexity of their movements. In a
> second experiment, we have recorded eye movements in 17 participants
> watching FrithHappe animations and found that some differences in
> fixation durations and in the proportion of gaze allocated to triangles
> between the different kinds of animations were entirely explained by
> low-level kinematic confounds. We finally present a new eye-tracking
> measure of visual attention, triangle pursuit duration, which does
> differentiate the different types of animations even after taking into
> account kinematic cofounds. However, some idiosyncratic kinematic
> properties of the FrithHappe animations prevent an entirely satisfactory
> interpretation of these results. The different eye-tracking measures are
> interpreted as implicit and line measures of the processing of animate
> movements.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 245-260 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800004
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>
> Title:
> The role of visual spatial attention in adult developmental dyslexia
>
> Authors:
> Collis, NL; Kohnen, S; Kinoshita, S
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):245-260; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> The present study investigated the nature of visual spatial attention
> deficits in adults with developmental dyslexia, using a partial report
> task with five-letter, digit, and symbol strings. Participants responded
> by a manual key press to one of nine alternatives, which included other
> characters in the string, allowing an assessment of position errors as
> well as intrusion errors. The results showed that the dyslexic adults
> performed significantly worse than age-matched controls with letter and
> digit strings but not with symbol strings. Both groups produced W-shaped
> serial position functions with letter and digit strings. The dyslexics'
> deficits with letter string stimuli were limited to position errors,
> specifically at the string-interior positions 2 and 4. These errors
> correlated with letter transposition reading errors (e.g., reading slat
> as salt), but not with the Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) task. Overall,
> these results suggest that the dyslexic adults have a visual spatial
> attention deficit; however, the deficit does not reflect a reduced span
> in visualspatial attention, but a deficit in processing a string of
> letters in parallel, probably due to difficulty in the coding of letter
> position.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 261-276 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800005
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>
> Title:
> The mechanism underlying lexical selection: Evidence from the picture-picture interference paradigm
>
> Authors:
> Geng, JY; Kirchgessner, M; Schnur, T
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):261-276; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> In two experiments using the picturepicture and pictureword interference
> paradigms, we compared predictions from the swinging lexical network and
> the response exclusion hypothesis to determine whether the process of
> word selection is competitive. Further, we suggest that previous
> categorical effects in the picturepicture interference paradigm were due
> to stimuli confounds, thus readdressing the debate concerning
> categorical effects in the paradigm. Consistent with both hypotheses, in
> Experiment 1 we found faster picture naming times when distractor
> pictures were associatively related than when they were unrelated,
> explained as a result of a spread of activation at the conceptual level
> with little (swinging lexical network) or no (response exclusion
> hypothesis) contribution from lexical competition. In Experiment 2, we
> found a significant categorical interference effect in the pictureword
> interference paradigm, and this effect significantly decreased but was
> not facilitatory when distractors were pictures. We discuss how these
> results are consistent with the swinging lexical network and conclude
> that the process to select a word is a competitive one.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 277-298 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800006
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>
> Title:
> Trade-offs in visual attention and the enhancement of memory specificity for positive and negative emotional stimuli
>
> Authors:
> Chipchase, SY; Chapman, P
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):277-298; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Emotional influences on memory can lead to trade-offs in memory for gist
> or detail and trade-offs in memory for central or peripheral aspects of
> an event. Attentional narrowing has often been proposed as a theoretical
> explanation for this pattern of findings with negative emotion. These
> trade-offs have been less extensively investigated with positive
> emotion. In three experiments, we investigate memory for specific visual
> details of positive and negative stimuli, examine centralperipheral
> trade-offs in memory, and assess the hypothesis that attentional
> narrowing contributes to emotional enhancement of memory specificity. We
> found that memory for details was enhanced by negative and positive
> emotion. Centralperipheral trade-offs were found in memory for negative
> emotional stimuli but not in memory for positive emotional stimuli.
> These trade-offs with negative emotion were associated with attentional
> narrowing at the time of encoding, as measured by eye movements. There
> were no attentional effects at the time of encoding found with positive
> emotional stimuli. Evidence was found for the attentional narrowing
> hypothesis of memory specificity and centralperipheral trade-offs in
> memory for negative emotional events. Alternative explanations for the
> positive emotional enhancement of memory specificity are required.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 299-318 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800007
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>
> Title:
> Is overall similarity classification less effortful than single-dimension classification?
>
> Authors:
> Wills, AJ; Milton, F; Longmore, CA; Hester, S; Robinson, J
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):299-318; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> It is sometimes argued that the implementation of an overall similarity
> classification is less effortful than the implementation of a
> single-dimension classification. In the current article, we argue that
> the evidence securely in support of this view is limited, and report
> additional evidence in support of the opposite propositionoverall
> similarity classification is more effortful than single-dimension
> classification. Using a match-to-standards procedure, Experiments 1A, 1B
> and 2 demonstrate that concurrent load reduces the prevalence of overall
> similarity classification, and that this effect is robust to changes in
> the concurrent load task employed, the level of time pressure
> experienced, and the short-term memory requirements of the
> classification task. Experiment 3 demonstrates that participants who
> produced overall similarity classifications from the outset have larger
> working memory capacities than those who produced single-dimension
> classifications initially, and Experiment 4 demonstrates that
> instructions to respond meticulously increase the prevalence of overall
> similarity classification.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 319-337 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800008
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>
> Title:
> Shifts of the psychometric function: Distinguishing bias from perceptual effects
>
> Authors:
> Garcia-Perez, MA; Alcala-Quintana, R
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):319-337; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Morgan, Dillenburger, Raphael, and Solomon have shown that observers can
> use different response strategies when unsure of their answer, and,
> thus, they can voluntarily shift the location of the psychometric
> function estimated with the method of single stimuli (MSS; sometimes
> also referred to as the single-interval, two-alternative method). They
> wondered whether MSS could distinguish response bias from a true
> perceptual effect that would also shift the location of the psychometric
> function. We demonstrate theoretically that the inability to distinguish
> response bias from perceptual effects is an inherent shortcoming of MSS,
> although a three-response format including also an undecided response
> option may solve the problem under restrictive assumptions whose
> validity cannot be tested with MSS data. We also show that a proper
> two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task with the three-response format
> is free of all these problems so that bias and perceptual effects can
> easily be separated out. The use of a three-response 2AFC format is
> essential to eliminate a confound (response bias) in studies of
> perceptual effects and, hence, to eliminate a threat to the internal
> validity of research in this area.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 338-346 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800009
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>
> Title:
> Phonological decoding or direct access? Regularity effects in lexical decisions of Grade 3 and 4 children
>
> Authors:
> Schmalz, X; Marinus, E; Castles, A
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):338-346; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Learning to read fluently involves moving from an effortful phonological
> decoding strategy to automatic recognition of familiar words. However,
> little is known about the timing of this transition, or the extent to
> which children continue to be influenced by phonological factors when
> recognizing words even as they progress in reading. We explored this
> question by examining regularity effects in a lexical decision task, as
> opposed to the more traditionally used reading-aloud task. Children in
> Grades 3 and 4 made go/no-go lexical decisions on high- and
> low-frequency regular and irregular words that had been matched for
> consistency. The children showed regularity effects in their accuracy
> for low-frequency words, indicating that they were using phonological
> decoding strategies to recognize unfamiliar words. The size of this
> effect was correlated with measures of reading ability. However, we
> found no regularity effects on accuracy for high-frequency words or on
> response times for either word type, suggesting that even 8-year-old
> children are already relying predominantly on a direct lexical strategy
> in their silent reading of familiar words.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 347-359 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800010
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>
> Title:
> Is "Inhibition of Return" due to the inhibition of the return of attention?
>
> Authors:
> Martin-Arevalo, E; Kingstone, A; Lupianez, J
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):347-359; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Inhibition of Return (IOR) is usually explained in terms of
> orientingreorienting of attention, emphasizing an underlying mechanism
> that inhibits the return of attention to previously selected locations.
> Recent data challenge this explanation to the extent that the IOR effect
> is observed at the location where attention is oriented to, where no
> reorienting of attention is needed. To date, these studies have involved
> endogenous attentional selection of attention and thus indicate a
> dissociation between the voluntary attention of spatial attention and
> the IOR effect. The present work demonstrates a dissociation between the
> involuntary orienting of spatial attention and the IOR effect. We
> combined nonpredictive peripheral cues with nonpredictive central
> orienting cues (either arrows or gaze). The IOR effect was observed to
> operate independent of involuntary spatial orienting. These data speak
> against the reorienting hypothesis of IOR. We suggest an alternative
> explanation whereby the IOR effect reflects a cost in detecting a new
> event (the target) at the location where another event (a cue) was coded
> before.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 360-380 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800011
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>
> Title:
> The implicit learning of metrical and nonmetrical temporal patterns
>
> Authors:
> Schultz, BG; Stevens, CJ; Keller, PE; Tillmann, B
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):360-380; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Implicit learning (IL) occurs unintentionally. IL of temporal patterns
> has received minimal attention, and results are mixed regarding whether
> IL of temporal patterns occurs in the absence of a concurrent ordinal
> pattern. Two experiments examined the IL of temporal patterns and the
> conditions under which IL is exhibited. Experiment 1 examined whether
> uncertainty of the upcoming stimulus identity obscures learning. Based
> on probabilistic uncertainty, it was hypothesized that
> stimulus-detection tasks are more sensitive to temporal learning than
> multiple-alternative forced-choice tasks because of response uncertainty
> in the latter. Results demonstrated IL of metrical patterns in the
> stimulus-detection but not the multiple-alternative task. Experiment 2
> investigated whether properties of rhythm (i.e., meter) benefit IL using
> the stimulus-detection task. The metric binding hypothesis states that
> metrical frameworks guide attention to periodic points in time. Based on
> the metric binding hypothesis, it was hypothesized that metrical
> patterns are learned faster than nonmetrical patterns. Results
> demonstrated learning of metrical and nonmetrical patterns but metrical
> patterns were not learned more readily than nonmetrical patterns.
> However, abstraction of a metrical framework was still evident in the
> metrical condition. The present study shows IL of auditory temporal
> patterns in the absence of an ordinal pattern.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 381-388 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800012
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>
> Title:
> The gut chooses faster than the mind: A latency advantage of affective over cognitive decisions
>
> Authors:
> Saunders, TS; Buehner, MJ
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):381-388; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Dual-process theories often cite that affective processing occurs more
> rapidly than cognitive processing. A wide range of evidence seems to
> support this notion; however, little research exists in the context of
> decision making. We tested the hypothesis that affective decisions would
> be performed faster than cognitive decisions. Forty-nine students
> completed a series of forced-choice tasks involving well-known consumer
> brands, focusing on either emotionally or cognitively relevant aspects
> of the products. The results revealed a significant latency advantage
> for affective processing compared to cognitive processing.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 389-402 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800013
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>
> Title:
> How are number words mapped to approximate magnitudes?
>
> Authors:
> Sullivan, J; Barner, D
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):389-402; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> How do we map number words to the magnitudes they represent? While much
> is known about the developmental trajectory of number word learning, the
> acquisition of the counting routine, and the academic correlates of
> estimation ability, previous studies have yet to describe the mechanisms
> that link number words to nonverbal representations of number. We
> investigated two mechanisms: associative mapping and structure mapping.
> Four dot array estimation tasks found that adults' ability to match a
> number word to one of two discriminably different sets declined as a
> function of set size and that participants' estimates of relatively
> large, but not small, set sizes were influenced by misleading feedback
> during an estimation task. We propose that subjects employ structure
> mappings for linking relatively large number words to set sizes, but
> rely chiefly on item-by-item associative mappings for smaller sets.
> These results indicate that both inference and association play
> important roles in mapping number words to approximate magnitudes.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 403-416 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000314157800014
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>
> Title:
> Parafoveal processing across different lexical constituents in Chinese reading
>
> Authors:
> Cui, L; Drieghe, D; Yan, GL; Bai, XJ; Chi, H; Liversedge, SP
>
> Source:
> *QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY*, 66 (2):403-416; FEB 1 2013
>
> Abstract:
> We report a boundary paradigm eye movement experiment to investigate
> whether the linguistic category of a two-character Chinese string
> affects how the second character of that string is processed in the
> parafovea during reading. We obtained clear preview effects in all
> conditions but, more importantly, found parafoveal-on-foveal effects
> whereby a nonsense preview of the second character influenced fixations
> on the first character. This effect occurred for monomorphemic words,
> but not for compound words or phrases. Also, in a word boundary
> demarcation experiment, we demonstrate that Chinese readers are not
> always consistent in their judgements of which characters in a sentence
> constitute words. We conclude that information regarding the
> combinatorial properties of characters in Chinese is used online to
> moderate the extent to which parafoveal characters are processed.
>
>