IQs Corner Recent Lit of Interest: 4-30-13

This weeks recent literature of interest is now available...with abstracts. Enjoy.

 

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Article: Science News » NIMH Twitter Chat on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Science News » NIMH Twitter Chat on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2013/nimh-twitter-chat-on-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder.shtml

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Article Alert: Why is rapid automatized naming related to reading?

Why is rapid automatized naming related to reading?
Georgiou, George K.; Parrila, Rauno; Cui, Ying; Papadopoulos, Timothy C.
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Vol. 115 Issue 1 – 2013: 218 - 225

10.1016/j.jecp.2012.10.015

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022096512002159

Article Alert: WISC-IV Profiles Are Associated With Differences in Symptomatology and Outcome in Children With ADHD

WISC-IV Profiles Are Associated With Differences in Symptomatology and Outcome in Children With ADHD
Thaler, N. S.; Bello, D. T.; Etcoff, L. M.
Journal of Attention Disorders, Vol. 17 Issue 4 – 2013: 291 - 301

10.1177/1087054711428806

http://jad.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1087054711428806

Article Alert: Sex differences on g and non-g intellectual performance reveal potential sources of STEM discrepancies

Sex differences on g and non-g intellectual performance reveal potential sources of STEM discrepancies
Lemos, Gina C.; Abad, Francisco J.; Almeida, Leandro S.; Colom, Roberto
Intelligence, Vol. 41 Issue 1 – 2013: 11 - 18

10.1016/j.intell.2012.10.009

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160289612001225

Cycles in speed-working memory-G relations: Towards a developmental–differential theory of the mind

Cycles in speed-working memory-G relations: Towards a developmental–differential theory of the mind
Demetriou, Andreas; Spanoudis, George; Shayer, Michael; Mouyi, Antigoni; Kazi, Smaragda; Platsidou, Maria
Intelligence, Vol. 41 Issue 1 – 2013: 34 - 50

10.1016/j.intell.2012.10.010

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160289612001237

Article Alert: The sources of the relationship between sustained attention and reasoning

The sources of the relationship between sustained attention and reasoning
Ren, Xuezhu; Schweizer, Karl; Xu, Fen
Intelligence, Vol. 41 Issue 1 – 2013: 51 - 58

10.1016/j.intell.2012.10.006

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160289612001195

Article Alert: Sharing The relationship between intelligence and creativity: New support for the threshold hypothesis by means of empirical breakpoint detection via BrowZine

The relationship between intelligence and creativity: New support for the threshold hypothesis by means of empirical breakpoint detection
Jauk, Emanuel; Benedek, Mathias; Dunst, Beate; Neubauer, Aljoscha C.
Intelligence, Vol. 41 Issue 4 – 2013: 212 - 221

10.1016/j.intell.2013.03.003

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016028961300024X

Article Alert: Investigating America's elite: Cognitive ability, education, and sex differences via BrowZine

Investigating America's elite: Cognitive ability, education, and sex differences
Wai, Jonathan
Intelligence, Vol. 41 Issue 4 – 2013: 203 - 211

10.1016/j.intell.2013.03.005

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160289613000263

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IQs Corner Recent Literature of Interest: 4-25-13

This weeks hand picked references, with abstracts, available here. Enjoy.


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Article Alert: Spatial Mental Models: The Interaction of Presentation Format, Task Requirements and Availability of Working Memory Components via BrowZine

Spatial Mental Models: The Interaction of Presentation Format, Task Requirements and Availability of Working Memory Components
Picucci, Luciana; Gyselinck, Valérie; Piolino, Pascale; Nicolas, Serge; Bosco, Andrea
Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 27 Issue 3 – 2013: 314 - 327

10.1002/acp.2909

http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/acp.2909
*

Article Alert: Singing Numbers… in Cognitive Space - A Dual-Task Study of the Link Between Pitch, Space, and Numbers via BrowZine

Singing Numbers… in Cognitive Space - A Dual-Task Study of the Link Between Pitch, Space, and Numbers
Fischer, Martin H.; Riello, Marianna; Giordano, Bruno L.; Rusconi, Elena
Topics in Cognitive Science, Vol. 5 Issue 2 – 2013: 354 - 366

10.1111/tops.12017

http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/tops.12017

Article Alert: Seeking a Balance Between the Statistical and Scientific Elements in Psychometrics via BrowZine

Seeking a Balance Between the Statistical and Scientific Elements in Psychometrics
Wilson, Mark
Psychometrika, Vol. 78 Issue 2 – 2013: 211 - 236

10.1007/s11336-013-9327-3

http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11336-013-9327-3

Article Alert: Brief Psychometric Analysis of the Self-Efficacy Parent Report Scale (SEPRS) via BrowZine

Brief Psychometric Analysis of the Self-Efficacy Parent Report Scale (SEPRS)
Erford, B. T.; Gavin, K.
Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, Vol. 46 Issue 2 – 2013: 79 - 87

10.1177/0748175612467464

http://mec.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0748175612467464

Article Alert: Distinct transfer effects of training different facets of working memory capacity via BrowZine

Distinct transfer effects of training different facets of working memory capacity
von Bastian, Claudia C.; Oberauer, Klaus
Journal of Memory and Language, Vol. 69 Issue 1 – 2013: 36 - 58

10.1016/j.jml.2013.02.002

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749596X13000120

Accessed with BrowZine, supported by University of Minnesota.

Article Alert: Sharing Neuropsychological test performance of Spanish speakers: Is performance different across different Spanish-speaking subgroups? via BrowZine

Neuropsychological test performance of Spanish speakers: Is performance different across different Spanish-speaking subgroups?
Buré-Reyes, Annelly; Hidalgo-Ruzzante, Natalia; Vilar-López, Raquel; Gontier, Javier; Sánchez, Laura; Pérez-García, Miguel; Puente, Antonio E.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, Vol. 35 Issue 4 – 2013: 404 - 412

10.1080/13803395.2013.778232

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13803395.2013.778232

Accessed with BrowZine, supported by University of Minnesota.
**

Article Alert: Sharing Multivariate Screening Model for Later Word Reading Achievement: Predictive Utility of Prereading Skills and Cognitive Ability via BrowZine

Multivariate Screening Model for Later Word Reading Achievement: Predictive Utility of Prereading Skills and Cognitive Ability
Macdonald, Heidi H.; Sullivan, Amanda L.; Watkins, Marley W.
Journal of Applied School Psychology, Vol. 29 Issue 1 – 2013: 52 - 71

10.1080/15377903.2013.751476

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15377903.2013.751476

Accessed with BrowZine, supported by University of Minnesota.


*****************************************
Kevin McGrew, Phd.
Educational Psychologist
Institute for Applied Psychometrics
Director IAP
www.themindhub.com
*****************************************

Article Alert: How Much Power and Speed Is Measured in This Test?, Partchev, I.; De Boeck, P.; Steyer, R.

http://asm.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1073191111411658


*****************************************
Kevin McGrew, Phd.
Educational Psychologist
Institute for Applied Psychometrics
Director IAP
www.themindhub.com
*****************************************

Article Alert: Exploring the Dimensionality of Digit Span, Bowden, S. C. et. al

http://asm.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1073191112457016

Article: What Is Visual Processing?

What Is Visual Processing?
http://www.ncld.org/learning-disability-resources/videos/what-is-visual-processing

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Article: Exercise Boosts Brain Prefrontal Cortex in Children

Exercise Boosts Brain Prefrontal Cortex in Children
http://brainposts.blogspot.com/2013/04/exercise-boosts-brain-prefrontal-cortex.html?buffer_share=77203

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Article: Don’t Forget our new eBook Remember When? The Science of Memory

Don't Forget our new eBook Remember When? The Science of Memory
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/at-scientific-american/2013/04/23/dont-forget-our-new-ebook-remember-when-the-science-of-memory/

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Article: Ungifted: Intelligence Redefined [Hardcover]

Ungifted: Intelligence Redefined [Hardcover]
http://www.amazon.com/Ungifted-Intelligence-Scott-Barry-Kaufman/dp/0465025544

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Thank you IQs Corner readers - 1/2 million and counting

Sometime during the past week IQ's Corner hit the 1/2 million mark on number of visitors (see report I received this morning).  And, the "hits" are inching closer to the million mark. I want to thank all my readers and visitors.  These numbers keep me blogging.

Subject: GoStats: weekly stats

Site: "IQs Corner" 

Total counter state:

   Hits:         890809
   Hosts:        388172
   Visitors:     500271
   Sessions:     571694

Four new Flynn effect articles

These new articles will be added to the Flynn Effect Archive Project soon.

(Click on images to enlarge).

 

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Article: Neuronal Connections and the Mind - The Connectome | Jon Lieff, M.D.

Excellent overview of the Human Connectome project 

 
Neuronal Connections and the Mind - The Connectome | Jon Lieff, M.D.
http://jonlieffmd.com/blog/neuronal-connections-and-the-mind-the-connectome

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Article: Training the brain to improve on new tasks

This study is getting all kinds of social media attention. I am particularly keen on the discussion of increased parietal and frontal connectivity as that is a major cornerstone of a recent MindHub Pub 2 (available at www.themindhub.com:  http://themindhub.com/research-reports ).

That model focuses on a three level explanation of the IM effect which can be viewed as a general explanation of working memory training in general.  This research provides additional support for the P-FIT model of intelligence.

Training the brain to improve on new tasks
http://www.sciencecodex.com/training_the_brain_to_improve_on_new_tasks-110454

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IQs Corner Recent Lit of Interest: 4-18-13

 

Enjoy...find the gems here.

 

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Article: Beyond IQ: What Makes The Difference Between Success And Failure In Life

Beyond IQ: What Makes The Difference Between Success And Failure In Life
http://www.forbes.com/sites/panosmourdoukoutas/2013/04/18/beyond-iq-what-makes-the-difference-between-success-and-failure-in-life/

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*****************************************

Kevin McGrew, Phd.

Educational Psychologist

Institute for Applied Psychometrics

Director IAP

www.themindhub.com

*****************************************

Journal Alert - INTELLIGENCE

> Title:
> Faster on easy items, more accurate on difficult ones: Cognitive ability and performance on a task of varying difficulty
>
> Authors:
> Dodonova, YA; Dodonov, YS
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):1-10; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Using more complex items than those commonly employed within the
> information-processing approach, but still easier than those used in
> intelligence tests, this study analyzed how the association between
> processing speed and accuracy level changes as the difficulty of the
> items increases. The study involved measuring cognitive ability using
> Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices and examining changes in the
> accuracy-ability and speed-ability correlations due to the increasing
> difficulty of the items. As expected, high-ability individuals
> demonstrated a higher accuracy rate and faster performance than
> low-ability individuals. The accuracy-ability association became
> stronger as the item difficulty increased. The speed-ability
> correlations tended to decrease in absolute values as the item
> difficulty increased, although this trend, when formally examined, was
> non-significant.
> For a more precise analysis, the entire variance of each response time
> and accuracy was decomposed into the components that described constancy
> in performance over difficulty levels and the rate of change in
> performance caused by increasing task difficulty. Estimating these
> components for both response latencies and accuracy scores within the
> same latent growth model demonstrated that the speed-accuracy
> correlation was evident only for baseline performance; the rate of
> slowing with increasing task difficulty was not correlated with the
> respective rate of change in accuracy level. High-ability participants
> differed from low-ability participants in the speed (not accuracy) of
> baseline performance and in the rate of difficulty-related change in
> accuracy (not in processing speed). (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 11-18 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316512700002
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Sex differences on g and non-g intellectual performance reveal potential sources of STEM discrepancies
>
> Authors:
> Lemos, GC; Abad, FJ; Almeida, LS; Colom, R
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):11-18; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> The analysis of sex differences in cognitive abilities is largely
> confusing because these differences are masked by the pervasive
> influence of the general factor of intelligence (g). In this study a
> battery of five reasoning tests (abstract [AR], numerical [NR], verbal
> [VR], mechanical [MR], and spatial [SR]) was completed by a sample of
> 3233 young and old adolescents representative of the population. Using a
> latent variable approach, mean differences on the general factor were
> estimated after examining measurement invariance. Results show that the
> difference, favoring boys in latent g increases with age from two to
> four IQ points. Further, boys outperform girls in all the subtests and
> the observed differences were generally explained by g. However,
> mechanical reasoning is a systematic and strong exception to this
> finding. For the young adolescents, the observed difference in MR is
> equivalent to 10 IQ points, and this difference increases to 13 IQ
> points for the old adolescents. Only 1 (young) or 2 (old) IQ points of
> the sex difference in MR can be accounted for by g. The findings suggest
> that the persistent - and usually neglected average large advantage of
> boys in mechanical reasoning (MR) - orthogonal to g - might be behind
> their higher presence in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and
> math) disciplines. A new look at this relevant social issue is proposed
> in this study. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 19-24 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316512700003
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Secular trends in cognitive test performance: Swedish conscript data 1970-1993
>
> Authors:
> Ronnlund, M; Carlstedt, B; Blomstedt, Y; Nilsson, LG; Weinehall, L
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):19-24; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> We investigated time-related patterns in levels of cognitive performance
> during the period from 1970 to 1993 based on data from Swedish draft
> boards. The conscripts, including more than a million 18-19-year old
> men, had taken one of two versions of the Swedish enlistment battery
> (SEB67; 1970-1979 or SEB80; 1980-1993), each composed of four subtests.
> The results revealed significant Flynn effects, with estimated gains of
> 1.2-1.5 IQ-units per decade. The effect seem to hold across ability
> levels, even though tendencies of more pronounced effects in the lower
> half of the ability distribution was observed. The largest gains were
> for visuospatial tests (Paper Form Board and Metal Folding), with little
> change, even slight losses during the second sub-period, for tests of
> verbal knowledge (Concept Discrimination and Synonyms) and a mixed
> pattern for a test of technical comprehension (losses followed by
> gains). Finally, comparisons of trends in cognitive performance and in
> standing height show that the gains in cognitive performance over the
> years from 1980 to 1993 occurred in the absence of overall gains in
> height which speaks against nutrition as the cause of the Flynn effects.
> (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 25-33 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316512700004
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Problems in deriving Italian regional differences in intelligence from 2009 PISA data
>
> Authors:
> Cornoldi, C; Giofre, D; Martini, A
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):25-33; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Recent results of international assessment programs (e.g., PISA) have
> shown a large difference in high school students' performance between
> northern and southern Italy. On this basis, it has been argued that the
> discrepancy reflects differences in average intelligence of the
> inhabitants of regions and is associated with genetic factors (Lynn,
> 2010a, 2012). This paper provides evidence in contrast to this
> conclusion by arguing that the use of PISA data to make inferences about
> regional differences in intelligence is questionable, and in any case,
> both PISA and other recent surveys on achievement of North and South
> Italy students offer some results that do not support Lynn's
> conclusions. In particular, a 2006-2009 PISA data comparison shows a
> relevant decrease in the North-South difference in only three years,
> particularly evident in the case of a single region (Apulia). Other
> large surveys (including INVALSI-2011) offer different results; age
> differences suggest that schooling could have an important role. (C)
> 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 34-50 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316512700005
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Cycles in speed-working memory-G relations: Towards a developmental-differential theory of the mind
>
> Authors:
> Demetriou, A; Spanoudis, G; Shayer, M; Mouyi, A; Kazi, S; Platsidou, M
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):34-50; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> This article presents three studies, two of them longitudinal, which
> investigated the relations between age, processing speed, working memory
> (WM), and fluid intelligence (g(f)) from 4 to 16 years of age.
> Structural equation modeling showed that speed was a powerful covariate
> of age (similar to-.6 to -.7) from 4 to 13 years, declining thereafter
> (to similar to-.2). WM was stably related to speed through the whole
> age-span studied (similar to-.4 to -.5). A large part (59%) of
> age-related changes in gf (83%) from 4 to 7 years and a lower but
> significant part later on, especially in adolescence (similar to 10-20%
> out of similar to 40-50%), were mediated by WM. However, with speed and
> age controlled, WM was almost fully commensurate with g(f)(similar
> to-.9), from about the age of 8-9 years onwards. A series of models
> suggested an ever present efficiency level defined by speed and control
> and a representational level defined by WM and g(f), which are
> increasingly differentiated with development. All processes develop in
> cycles concerted by a dynamic G. Change in each process over time
> originated from within the processes themselves and G, in proportions
> varying with developmental phase. Overall, speed signified
> age-associated changes in processing capabilities, partly expressed in
> WM expansions and g(f) reconstructions. An overarching model is proposed
> integrating differential with developmental theories of human
> intelligence. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 51-58 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316512700006
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The sources of the relationship between sustained attention and reasoning
>
> Authors:
> Ren, XZ; Schweizer, K; Xu, F
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):51-58; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Although a substantial relationship of sustained attention and reasoning
> was consistently found, little is known about what drives this
> relationship. The present study aims at revealing the underlying sources
> that are responsible for the relationship by means of an integrative
> approach combining experimental manipulation and psychometric modeling.
> A sample of 4551 participants falling into three age groups (aged 12,
> 13, and 14 years) completed a sustained attention test and three
> reasoning subtests. The attention test comprised four treatment levels
> designed by manipulating the number of distracters. Confirmatory factor
> models were applied to decompose the variance of the attention data into
> three components: executive control due to stimulus manipulation,
> automatic learning as the result of extended practice, and a general
> component independent of any changes. The results showed that in all age
> groups the component of execution control showed the strongest link with
> reasoning although the learning component also significantly related
> with reasoning. In contrast, a non-significant link was observed between
> the general component and reasoning. These results indicated that the
> sources of the relationship between sustained attention and reasoning
> are mainly due to executive control of attention, and additionally to a
> learning process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 59-66 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316512700007
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Average county-level IQ predicts county-level disadvantage and several county-level mortality risk rates
>
> Authors:
> Barnes, JC; Beaver, KM; Boutwell, BB
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):59-66; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Research utilizing individual-level data has reported a link between
> intelligence (IQ) scores and health problems, including early mortality
> risk. A growing body of evidence has found similar associations at
> higher levels of aggregation such as the state- and national-level. At
> the same time, individual-level research has suggested the IQ-mortality
> risk association may be mediated by socioeconomic status, but no
> aggregate research has considered this possibility. This paper extended
> the current knowledge base in two important ways: 1) by analyzing the
> association between county-level IQ and county-level mortality risk; and
> 2) by testing a theoretical model where county IQ influences county
> disadvantage which, in turn, influences county mortality risk. The
> findings indicated a consistent relationship between county IQ and
> several measures of county mortality risk. The IQ-mortality risk
> association was mediated by county disadvantage for some county
> mortality risk measures but not others, suggesting the relationship
> between county IQ and county mortality risk is more nuanced than was
> hypothesized. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 67-69 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316512700008
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Dysgenic fertility, intelligence and family size in Libya
>
> Authors:
> Al-Shahomee, AA; Lynn, R; Abdalla, SEG
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):67-69; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> The Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) was administered to a sample of
> 592 16 year old school students in Libya. There was a small negative
> correlation of -0.14 between SPM scores and the number of siblings,
> indicating only marginal dysgenic fertility. Supplementary material
> giving the data is given online. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 70-84 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316512700009
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Cognitive sex differences in reasoning tasks: Evidence from Brazilian samples of educational settings
>
> Authors:
> Flores-Mendoza, C; Widaman, KF; Rindermann, H; Primi, R; Mansur-Alves,
> M; Pena, CC
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):70-84; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Sex differences on the Attention Test (AC), the Raven's Standard
> Progressive Matrices (SPM), and the Brazilian Cognitive Battery (BPR5),
> were investigated using four large samples (total N = 6780), residing in
> the states of Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo. The majority of samples used,
> which were obtained from educational settings, could be considered a
> nonprobability sampling. Females outperformed males on the AC (by 2 IQ
> points), whereas males slightly outperformed females on the SPM (by 1.5
> IQ points). On the BPR5, sex differences favoring males were
> statistically significant (on average 6.2 IQ points). The largest
> difference was in Mechanical Reasoning (13 IQ points), and the smallest
> was in Spatial Reasoning (5 IQ points). In addition, two methods were
> adopted for determining whether sex differences existed at the level of
> general intelligence. First, a g factor score was estimated after
> principal axis factoring of test scores. Men had an advantage of 3.8 IQ
> points (statistically significant) on the g score, which was reduced to
> 2.7 IQ points (not significant), when the g score was estimated without
> including Mechanical Reasoning. Second, a confirmatory factor analysis
> approach was conducted that allowed testing of mean differences at the
> latent variable level. Again, sex differences favoring males were found
> (0.23 or 3.44 IQ points). Regarding educational and SES variables, some
> sex differences favoring males were found in the SPM and in the BPR5. In
> general, our results agree with studies that identify small, but
> consistent cognitive sex differences in reasoning tasks. Societal
> implications are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 85-86 (Book Review)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316512700010
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Review of: Intelligence. A unifying construct for the social sciences
>
> Authors:
> Gale, CR
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):85-86; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 87-87 (Book Review)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316512700011
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Good Blood, Bad Blood: Science, Nature, and the Myth of the Kallikaks
>
> Authors:
> Johnson, W
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):87-87; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 88-89 (Biographical-Item)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316512700012
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> John Philippe Rushton, 1943-2012 Obituary
>
> Authors:
> Lynn, R
>
> Source:
> *INTELLIGENCE*, 41 (1):88-89; JAN-FEB 2013
>
> ========================================================================
> *Order Full Text*
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Article: Scientists locate brain 'hot spot' responsible for numeral recognition

Scientists locate brain 'hot spot' responsible for numeral recognition
http://www.foxnews.com/health/2013/04/17/scientists-locate-brain-hot-spot-responsible-for-numeral-recognition/

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Current Directions in Psychological Science Table of Contents for Special Issue on the Teenage Brain: 1 April 2013; Vol. 22, No. 2

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Current Directions in Psychological Science Online Table of Contents Alert

A new issue of Current Directions in Psychological Science is available online:

Special Issue on the Teenage Brain:
April 2013; Vol. 22, No. 2

The below Table of Contents is available online at: http://cdp.sagepub.com/content/vol22/issue2/?etoc

---

Articles

---

Introduction to Special Issue on the Teenage Brain

Randall W. Engle

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 79
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/full/22/2/79

The Teenage Brain: An Overview

B. J. Casey

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 80-81
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/full/22/2/80

The Teenage Brain: Self Control

B. J. Casey and Kristina Caudle

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 82-87
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/82

The Teenage Brain: Sensitivity to Rewards

Adriana Galván

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 88-93
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/88

The Teenage Brain: Cognitive Control and Motivation

Beatriz Luna, David J. Paulsen, Aarthi Padmanabhan, and Charles Geier

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 94-100
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/94

The Teenage Brain: Functional Connectivity

Nico U. F. Dosenbach, Steven E. Petersen, and Bradley L. Schlaggar

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 101-107
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/101

The Teenage Brain: A Neuroeconomic Approach to Adolescent Decision Making

Anna C. K. Van Duijvenvoorde and Eveline A. Crone

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 108-113
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/108

The Teenage Brain: Peer Influences on Adolescent Decision Making

Dustin Albert, Jason Chein, and Laurence Steinberg

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 114-120
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/114

The Teenage Brain: Sensitivity to Social Evaluation

Leah H. Somerville

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 121-127
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/121

The Teenage Brain: Social Reorientation and the Adolescent Brain—The Role of Gonadal Hormones in the Male Syrian Hamster

Kayla De Lorme, Margaret R. Bell, and Cheryl L. Sisk

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 128-133
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/128

The Teenage Brain: Surging Hormones—Brain-Behavior Interactions During Puberty

Jiska S. Peper and Ronald E. Dahl

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 134-139
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/134

The Teenage Brain: The Stress Response and the Adolescent Brain

Russell D. Romeo

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 140-145
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/140

The Teenage Brain: Altered Fear in Humans and Mice

Siobhan S. Pattwell, B. J. Casey, and Francis S. Lee

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 146-151
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/146

The Teenage Brain: Adolescents and Alcohol

Linda Spear

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 152-157
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/152

The Teenage Brain: Adolescent Brain Research and the Law

Richard J. Bonnie and Elizabeth S. Scott

Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013;22 158-161
http://cdp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/2/158

---

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Article: Training the brain to improve on new tasks

Yet more support for the P-FIT model of intelligence

Training the brain to improve on new tasks
http://www.sciencecodex.com/training_the_brain_to_improve_on_new_tasks-110454

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Article: Assessment of capacity in an aging society.

Assessment of capacity in an aging society.
http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/68/3/158

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Article: Charts: How parents around the world describe their children

Charts: How parents around the world describe their children
http://qz.com/74136/charts-how-parents-around-the-world-describe-their-children/

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*****************************************

Kevin McGrew, Phd.

Educational Psychologist

Institute for Applied Psychometrics

Director IAP

www.themindhub.com

*****************************************

In Defense of Working Memory Training | Beautiful Minds, Scientific American Blog Network

Excellent more balanced SA-MIND article on brain training programs. Notice the positive mention of Interactive Metronome..with a link to my recent MindHub Pub Report (conflict of interest statement: I am a paid external consultant to IM. More info can be found at www.mindhub.com)


http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/2013/04/15/in-defense-of-working-memory-training/

Special JPA issue on Wechsler intelligence batteries

Click on image to enlarge

 

 

Posted with Blogsy

Research Byte: IQ, parent involvement and achievement

Click on images to enlarge

 

Posted with Blogsy

Article: Neuroplasticity and the Fire-Wire Principle, by Dr. Graham Taylor | TSM BlogTSM Blog

Neuroplasticity and the Fire-Wire Principle, by Dr. Graham Taylor | TSM BlogTSM Blog
http://www.taylorstudymethod.com/blog/?p=669

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Journal Alert - NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA

> Title:
> Metacognitive and online error awareness deficits after prefrontal cortex lesions
>
> Authors:
> Hoerold, D; Pender, NP; Robertson, IH
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):385-391; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Awareness of deficits after brain injury represents a significant
> clinical and theoretical challenge, but relatively little is known about
> the neuroanatomical correlates of specific types of deficit awareness.
> We examined the awareness correlates of left versus right prefrontal
> cortex lesions in comparison to left and right posterior lesions
> including two types of awareness measures-metacognitive and online error
> monitoring. Frontal lobe frontal lesion patients exhibited impaired
> metacognitive awareness and also showed deficits in monitoring errors as
> they occurred. In addition, frontal lobe lesion patients also showed
> reduced autonomic response to aware errors. Online and metacognitive
> awareness were not, however, significantly correlated, suggesting that
> distinct neuroanatomical systems may underpin these two types of
> awareness deficit. We hypothesize that while metacognitive awareness
> depends on both left and right frontal regions, accurate
> moment-to-moment processing of errors depends more on the right than on
> the left prefrontal cortex. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 392-399 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000002
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Using a startling acoustic stimulus to investigate underlying mechanisms of bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease
>
> Authors:
> Carlsen, AN; Almeida, QJ; Franks, IM
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):392-399; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Delays in the initiation of a movement response and slowness during
> movement are among the hallmark motor symptoms in patients with
> Parkinson's disease (PD). These impairments may result from deficits in
> neural structures related to perception, response programming, response
> initiation, or a combination of all three. However, the relative impact
> of each process on movement control in PD is still unclear. The present
> study investigated which processes might be responsible for the observed
> slowness. Patients performed a simple reaction time (RT) task involving
> arm extension where the normal 82 dB acoustic "go" signal was
> unexpectedly replaced with a 124 dB startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) on
> selected trials. The SAS was used as a probe of motor preparatory state
> since it has been shown to act as a subcortically-mediated involuntarily
> trigger for actions that are sufficiently prepared and waiting to be
> initiated by normal cortical processes. It was expected that release of
> the voluntary response by startle would not occur in PD patients if
> bradykinetic symptoms were attributable primarily to motor programming
> deficits. In contrast, results clearly showed that when a SAS was
> presented, the prepared response was elicited at a significantly shorter
> latency. In addition, the amplitude and timing pattern of EMG output
> appeared to be improved compared to control, resulting in a faster, more
> normalized movement. These results suggest that in PD patients motor
> programming processes are relatively intact, while the dysfunctional
> basal ganglia likely assert an inhibitory effect on the thalamo-cortical
> connections responsible for the initiation of motor acts. (c) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 400-409 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000003
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Reversal of the face-inversion effect in N170 under unconscious visual processing
>
> Authors:
> Suzuki, M; Noguchi, Y
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):400-409; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Many studies using electroencephalography consistently reported a larger
> N170 (N1) response in the visual cortices to inverted than upright face
> images (the face inversion effect in N1, FIE-N1). Here we report this
> robust effect is diminished and even reversed when face stimuli are
> processed unconsciously. We measured visual-evoked potentials to neutral
> faces either visible or rendered invisible by an inter-ocular
> suppression. In visible condition, we observed a larger N1 to inverted
> than upright faces, which replicated the traditional FIE-N1. When those
> faces became invisible, however, neural responses to the inverted faces
> were greatly reduced compared to visible condition, whereas those to the
> invisible upright faces were relatively preserved. Consequently, N1
> amplitudes were found to be larger in upright, rather than inverted,
> faces in invisible condition, which was opposite to the traditional
> FIE-N1 (upright < inverted) in visible condition. Those results
> highlighted a special mechanism in the brain for the processing of the
> upright, but not inverted, face (e.g. fusiform face area) that retains
> vigorous responses even when the face becomes invisible. (c) 2012
> Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 410-417 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000004
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Human parietal and primary motor cortical interactions are selectively modulated during the transport and grip formation of goal-directed hand actions
>
> Authors:
> Vesia, M; Bolton, DA; Mochizuki, G; Staines, WR
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):410-417; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) constitutes a critical cortical node in
> the sensorimotor system in which goal-directed actions are computed.
> This information then must be transferred into commands suitable for
> hand movements to the primary motor cortex (M1). Complexity arises
> because reach-to-grasp actions not only require directing the hand
> towards the object (transport component), but also preshaping the hand
> according to the features of the object (grip component). Yet, the
> functional influence that specific PPC regions exert over ipsilateral M1
> during the planning of different hand movements remains unclear in
> humans. Here we manipulated transport and grip components of
> goal-directed hand movements and exploited paired-pulse transcranial
> magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) to probe the functional interactions
> between M1 and two different PPC regions, namely superior
> parieto-occipital cortex (SPOC) and the anterior region of the
> intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), in the left hemisphere. We show that when
> the extension of the arm is required to contact a target object, SPOC
> selectively facilitates motor evoked potentials, suggesting that SPOC-M1
> interactions are functionally specific to arm transport. In contrast, a
> different pathway, linking the aIPS and ipsilateral M1, shows enhanced
> functional connections during the sensorimotor planning of grip. These
> results support recent human neuroimaging findings arguing for
> specialized human parietal regions for the planning of arm transport and
> hand grip during goal-directed actions. Importantly, they provide new
> insight into the causal influences these different parietal regions
> exert over ipsilateral motor cortex for specific types of planned hand
> movements. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 418-424 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000005
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Hypofrontal activity during word retrieval in older adults: A near-infrared spectroscopy study
>
> Authors:
> Obayashi, S; Hara, Y
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):418-424; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> The supplementary motor area (SMA) has been regarded as a third speech
> area. The SMA is anatomically classified into two regions, pre-SMA and
> SMA proper, but the functional specialization of speech production
> between the two regions remains unknown. Although word retrieval
> difficulties were often observed in older adults, there was no report as
> to whether the SMA would be involved in the retrieval difficulties. We
> focused on the SMA as a function of word production and then used
> near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with the verbal fluency task (VFT) to
> explore the possible mechanism underlying the retrieval difficulties
> related to aging. Based on the anatomical differences within the SMA, we
> relied on region-of-interest (ROI) analysis to compare the brain
> activation patterns in the SMA during VFT between 11 healthy elder and
> 11 younger subjects in the situation where both groups show comparable
> task performance. Notably, the anterior VFT-related SMA response was
> more robust in the younger than in the elder group. Furthermore,
> anterior SMA responses in the elder group may only have a positive
> correlation with the VFT performance. The findings imply that anterior
> SMA hypoactivity in elders may cause word retrieval difficulties, while
> bilateral prefrontal cortices, having close connection with the pre-SMA,
> may contribute to the compensatory process that enables equivalent
> performance of the elder group with the younger one. (c) 2012 Elsevier
> Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 425-436 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000006
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Reading aloud: A psychophysiological investigation in children
>
> Authors:
> Chiarenza, GA; Olgiati, P; Trevisan, C; De Marchi, I; Casarotto, S
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):425-436; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> This study investigated the electrophysiological responses to
> single-letter reading in children (reading-related potentials) and
> explored the morphological differences between covert and overt reading
> conditions.
> Sixty-five healthy children (6-13 years) participated in this study.
> Reading-related potentials were recorded during visual stimulation with
> single Italian alphabetic letters. Stimuli were displayed for 5 ms
> either automatically at a randomly uttered time lag or upon voluntary
> self-paced button press by children. In the covert conditions, children
> had to passively look at single letters, while in the overt conditions
> children were required to read aloud the letters. Electromyographic
> activity of the forearm and lips was additionally recorded during all
> tasks.
> Superimposition of reading-related potentials with the electromyographic
> activity of forearm and lips during self-paced reading aloud allowed to
> segregate the reading-related components into four periods: preparatory,
> pre-lexical, lexical and post-lexical. Reading-related potentials of the
> preparatory period can be related to preparation/intention to read,
> those of the pre-lexical period to visual-perceptual processes, those of
> the lexical period to the external/internal reafferent activity and
> those of the post-lexical period to the feedback processes following
> task completion.
> Analysis of variance showed a significant interaction of reading-related
> components with electrode locations and task conditions in all periods.
> The systematic characterization of the neurophysiological correlates of
> the elementary association between letters and sounds is helpful to
> highlight the neurobiological and functional basis of reading in healthy
> as well as impaired readers, for possibly developing
> neurophysiologically grounded rehabilitation therapies and further
> improving the explanatory models of dyslexia. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All
> rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 437-447 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000007
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The contents of predictions in sentence comprehension: Activation of the shape of objects before they are referred to
>
> Authors:
> Rommers, J; Meyer, AS; Praamstra, P; Huettig, F
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):437-447; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> When comprehending concrete words, listeners and readers can activate
> specific visual information such as the shape of the words' referents.
> In two experiments we examined whether such information can be activated
> in an anticipatory fashion. In Experiment 1, listeners' eye movements
> were tracked while they were listening to sentences that were predictive
> of a specific critical word (e.g., "moon" in "In 1969 Neil Armstrong was
> the first man to set foot on the moon"). 500 ms before the acoustic
> onset of the critical word, participants were shown four-object displays
> featuring three unrelated distractor objects and a critical object,
> which was either the target object (e.g., moon), an object with a
> similar shape (e.g., tomato), or an unrelated control object (e.g.,
> rice). In a time window before shape information from the spoken target
> word could be retrieved, participants already tended to fixate both the
> target and the shape competitors more often than they fixated the
> control objects, indicating that they had anticipatorily activated the
> shape of the upcoming word's referent. This was confirmed in Experiment
> 2, which was an ERP experiment without picture displays. Participants
> listened to the same lead-in sentences as in Experiment 1. The
> sentence-final words corresponded to the predictable target, the shape
> competitor, or the unrelated control object (yielding, for instance, "In
> 1969 Neil Armstrong was the first man to set foot on the
> moon/tomato/rice"). N400 amplitude in response to the final words was
> significantly attenuated in the shape-related compared to the unrelated
> condition. Taken together, these results suggest that listeners can
> activate perceptual attributes of objects before they are referred to in
> an utterance. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 448-456 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000008
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> An fMRI study of episodic encoding across the lifespan: Changes in subsequent memory effects are evident by middle-age
>
> Authors:
> Park, H; Kennedy, KM; Rodrigue, KM; Hebrank, A; Park, DC
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):448-456; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Although it is well-documented that there are age differences between
> young and older adults in neural activity associated with successful
> memory formation (positive subsequent memory effects), little is known
> about how this activation differs across the lifespan, as few studies
> have included middle-aged adults. The present study investigated the
> effect of age on neural activity during episodic encoding using a
> cross-sectional lifespan sample (20-79 years old, N = 192) from the
> Dallas Lifespan Brain Study. We report four major findings. First, in a
> contrast of remembered vs. forgotten items, a decrease in neural
> activity occurred with age in bilateral occipito-temporo-parietal
> regions. Second, when we contrasted forgotten with remembered items
> (negative subsequent memory), the primary difference was found between
> middle and older ages. Third, there was evidence for age equivalence in
> hippocampal regions, congruent with previous studies. Finally,
> low-memory-performers showed negative subsequent memory differences by
> middle age, whereas high memory performers did not demonstrate these
> differences until older age. Taken together, these findings delineate
> the importance of a lifespan approach to understanding neurocognitive
> aging and, in particular, the importance of a middle-age sample in
> revealing different trajectories. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 457-463 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000009
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Neuroanatomical correlates of biological motion detection
>
> Authors:
> Gilaie-Dotan, S; Kanai, R; Bahrami, B; Rees, G; Saygin, AP
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):457-463; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Biological motion detection is both commonplace and important, but there
> is great inter-individual variability in this ability, the neural basis
> of which is currently unknown. Here we examined whether the behavioral
> variability in biological motion detection is reflected in brain
> anatomy. Perceptual thresholds for detection of biological motion and
> control conditions (non-biological object motion detection and motion
> coherence) were determined in a group of healthy human adults (n = 31)
> together with structural magnetic resonance images of the brain. Voxel
> based morphometry analyzes revealed that gray matter volumes of left
> posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and left ventral premotor
> cortex (vPMC) significantly predicted individual differences in
> biological motion detection, but showed no significant relationship with
> performance on the control tasks. Our study reveals a neural basis
> associated with the inter-individual variability in biological motion
> detection, reliably linking the neuroanatomical structure of left pSTS
> and vPMC with biological motion detection performance. (c) 2012 Elsevier
> Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 464-471 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000010
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Transitive inference reasoning is impaired by focal lesions in parietal cortex rather than rostrolateral prefrontal cortex
>
> Authors:
> Waechter, RL; Goel, V; Raymont, V; Kruger, F; Grafman, J
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):464-471; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Transitive inference reasoning involves the examination and comparison
> of a given number of relational pairs in order to understand overall
> group hierarchy (e.g., A > B, B > C, C > D; therefore is A > D?). A
> number of imaging studies have demonstrated the role of the parietal
> cortex for resolving transitive inferences. Some studies also identify
> the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex as being critical for "relational
> integration" processes supporting transitive reasoning. To clarify this
> issue, we carried out a transitive inference study involving
> neurological patients with focal lesions to the rostrolateral prefrontal
> (n = 5) or parietal cortices (n = 7), as well as normal controls (n =
> 6). The patients and controls were statistically matched on age,
> education, pre-injury IQ general memory, working memory, and
> performance/full IQ, though the rostrolateral patients did score
> significantly higher than the normal controls on verbal IQ. Results
> indicate that patients with focal lesions to the parietal cortex were
> impaired in the task relative to both the patients with focal lesions to
> rostrolateral prefrontal cortex and the control group, and there was no
> difference in task performance between the rostrolateral prefrontal and
> the control groups. This result continued to hold after controlling for
> verbal IQ as a covariate. These findings point to a critical role for
> the parietal cortex, rather than the rostrolateral prefrontal, in
> transitive inference. Since the groups performed similarly on a working
> memory task, working memory cannot fully account for the result,
> suggesting a specific role of parietal cortex in transitive inference.
> (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 472-481 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000011
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Probing the neurocognitive trajectories of children's reading skills
>
> Authors:
> Talcott, JB; Witton, C; Stein, JF
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):472-481; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Emerging evidence of the high variability in the cognitive skills and
> deficits associated with reading achievement and dysfunction promotes
> both a more dimensional view of the risk factors involved, and the
> importance of discriminating between trajectories of impairment. Here we
> examined reading and component orthographic and phonological skills
> alongside measures of cognitive ability and auditory and visual sensory
> processing in a large group of primary school children between the ages
> of 7 and 12 years. We identified clusters of children with pseudoword or
> exception word reading scores at the 10th percentile or below relative
> to their age group, and a group with poor skills on both tasks. Compared
> to age-matched and reading-level controls, groups of children with more
> impaired exception word reading were best described by a trajectory of
> developmental delay, whereas readers with more impaired pseudoword
> reading or combined deficits corresponded more with a pattern of
> atypical development. Sensory processing deficits clustered within both
> of the groups with putative atypical development: auditory
> discrimination deficits with poor phonological awareness skills;
> impairments of visual motion processing in readers with broader and more
> severe patterns of reading and cognitive impairments. Sensory deficits
> have been variably associated with developmental impairments of literacy
> and language; these results suggest that such deficits are also likely
> to cluster in children with particular patterns of reading difficulty.
> (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 482-487 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000012
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Conscious processing during retrieval can occur in early and late visual regions
>
> Authors:
> Thakral, PP; Slotnick, SD; Schacter, DL
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):482-487; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Previous evidence has suggested a functional-anatomic dissociation
> between conscious and nonconscious processing during retrieval where
> early visual regions BA17/18 are associated with nonconscious processing
> and late visual regions BA19/37 are associated with conscious
> processing. However, evidence for this dissociation has only been
> observed using a limited number of experimental paradigms. In the
> present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we tested
> the hypothesis that conscious processing during retrieval can occur in
> BA17/18 using memorial paradigms that recruited processing in these
> early visual regions. During the encoding phase of Experiment 1,
> abstract shapes with colored and oriented internal lines were presented
> to the left and right of fixation. During the retrieval phase, old
> shapes and new shapes were presented at fixation and participants
> classified each item as "old-left", "old-right", or "new". The contrast
> of spatial memory-hits > spatial memory-misses (with accurate item
> memory) produced activity in BA17/18. During the encoding phase of
> Experiment 2, abstract shapes with colored and oriented internal lines
> were presented at fixation. During the retrieval phase, old shapes,
> changed shapes (with the same outline but different colored and oriented
> internal lines), and new shapes were presented at fixation and
> participants made an old-new classification during runs with a specific
> retrieval orientation or a non-specific retrieval orientation.
> Critically, the contrast of old-hits > old-misses during specific
> retrieval orientation produced activity in BA17/18. The results of the
> present experiments support the hypothesis that conscious processing
> during retrieval can occur in BA17/18. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 488-492 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000013
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The motor cortex is causally related to predictive eye movements during action observation
>
> Authors:
> Elsner, C; D'Ausilio, A; Gredeback, G; Falck-Ytter, T; Fadiga, L
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):488-492; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> We examined the hypothesis that predictive gaze during observation of
> other people's actions depends on the activation of corresponding action
> plans in the observer. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation and
> eye-tracking technology we found that stimulation of the motor hand
> area, but not of the leg area, slowed gaze predictive behavior (compared
> to no TMS). This result shows that predictive eye movements to others'
> action goals depend on a somatotopical recruitment of the observer's
> motor system. The study provides direct support for the view that a
> direct matching process implemented in the mirror-neuron system plays a
> functional role for real-time goal prediction. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
> All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 493-499 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000014
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Response inhibition triggered by the briefly viewed image of a hand: Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence
>
> Authors:
> Vainio, L; Alen, H; Hiltunen, S; Lehikoinen, K; Lindback, H;
> Patrikainen, A; Paavilainen, P
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):493-499; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Previous research has shown that subliminally presented arrows produce
> negative priming effect in which responses are performed slower when
> primes and targets are calling for the same response than different
> response. This phenomenon has been attributed to self-inhibitory
> mechanisms of response processes. Similar negative priming was recently
> observed when participants responded to the direction of the target
> arrow and the prime was a briefly displayed image of a left or right
> hand. Responses were made slower when the left-right identity of the
> viewed hand was compatible with the responding hand. This was suggested
> to demonstrate that the proposed motor self-inhibition is a general and
> basic functional principle in manual control processes. However, the
> behavioural evidence observed in that study was not capable of showing
> whether the negative priming associated with a briefly displayed hand
> could reflect other inhibitory processes than the motor self-inhibition.
> The present study uses an electrophysiological indicator of automatic
> response priming, the lateralized readiness potential (LRP), to
> investigate whether the negative priming triggered by the identity of
> the viewed hand does indeed reflect motor self-inhibition processes. The
> LRP revealed a pattern of motor activation that was in line with the
> motor self-inhibition hypothesis. Thus, the finding supports the view
> that the self-inhibition mechanisms are not restricted to arrow stimuli
> that are presented subliminally. Rather, they are general sensorimotor
> mechanisms that operate in planning and control of manual actions. (c)
> 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 500-505 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000015
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Interaction between musical emotion and facial expression as measured by event-related potentials
>
> Authors:
> Kamiyama, KS; Abla, D; Iwanaga, K; Okanoya, K
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):500-505; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> We examined the integrative process between emotional facial expressions
> and musical excerpts by using an affective priming paradigm. Happy or
> sad musical stimuli were presented after happy or sad facial images
> during electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. We asked participants to
> judge the affective congruency of the presented face-music pairs. The
> congruency of emotionally congruent pairs was judged more rapidly than
> that of incongruent pairs. In addition, the EEG data showed that
> incongruent musical targets elicited a larger N400 component than
> congruent pairs. Furthermore, these effects occurred in nonmusicians as
> well as musicians. In sum, emotional integrative processing of
> face-music pairs was facilitated in congruent music targets and
> inhibited in incongruent music targets; this process was not
> significantly modulated by individual musical experience. This is the
> first study on musical stimuli primed by facial expressions to
> demonstrate that the N400 component reflects the affective priming
> effect. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 506-519 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000016
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Context and hand posture modulate the neural dynamics of tool-object perception
>
> Authors:
> Natraj, N; Poole, V; Mizelle, JC; Flumini, A; Borghi, AM; Wheaton, LA
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):506-519; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Prior research has linked visual perception of tools with plausible
> motor strategies. Thus, observing a tool activates the putative
> action-stream, including the left posterior parietal cortex. Observing a
> hand functionally grasping a tool involves the inferior frontal cortex.
> However, tool-use movements are performed in a contextual and grasp
> specific manner, rather than relative isolation. Our prior behavioral
> data has demonstrated that the context of tool-use (by pairing the tool
> with different objects) and varying hand grasp postures of the tool can
> interact to modulate subjects' reaction times while evaluating
> tool-object content. Specifically, perceptual judgment was delayed in
> the evaluation of functional tool-object pairings (Correct context) when
> the tool was non-functionally (Manipulative) grasped. Here, we
> hypothesized that this behavioral interference seen with the
> Manipulative posture would be due to increased and extended left
> parietofrontal activity possibly underlying motor simulations when
> resolving action conflict due to this particular grasp at time scales
> relevant to the behavioral data. Further, we hypothesized that this
> neural effect will be restricted to the Correct tool-object context
> wherein action affordances are at a maximum.
> 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 16
> right-handed subjects while viewing images depicting three classes of
> tool-object contexts: functionally Correct (e.g. coffee pot-coffee mug),
> functionally Incorrect (e.g. coffee pot-marker) and Spatial (coffee
> pot-milk). The Spatial context pairs a tool and object that would not
> functionally match, but may commonly appear in the same scene. These
> three contexts were modified by hand interaction: No Hand, Static Hand
> near the tool, Functional Hand posture and Manipulative Hand posture.
> The Manipulative posture is convenient for relocating a tool but does
> not afford a functional engagement of the tool on the target object.
> Subjects were instructed to visually assess whether the pictures
> displayed correct tool-object associations. EEG data was analyzed in
> time-voltage and time-frequency domains. Overall, Static Hand,
> Functional and Manipulative postures cause early activation (100-400 ms
> post image onset) of parietofrontal areas, to varying intensity in each
> context, when compared to the No Hand control condition. However, when
> context is Correct, only the Manipulative Posture significantly induces
> extended neural responses, predominantly over right parietal and right
> frontal areas [400-600 ms post image onset]. Significant power increase
> was observed in the theta band [4-8 Hz] over the right frontal area,
> [0-500 ms]. In addition, when context is Spatial, Manipulative posture
> alone significantly induces extended neural responses, over bilateral
> parietofrontal and left motor areas [400-600 ms]. Significant power
> decrease occurred primarily in beta bands [12-16, 20-25 Hz] over the
> aforementioned brain areas [400-600 ms].
> Here, we demonstrate that the neural processing of tool-object
> perception is sensitive to several factors. While both Functional and
> Manipulative postures in Correct context engage predominantly an early
> left parietofrontal circuit, the Manipulative posture alone extends the
> neural response and transitions to a late right parietofrontal network.
> This suggests engagement of a right neural system to evaluate action
> affordances when hand posture does not support action (Manipulative).
> Additionally, when tool-use context is ambiguous (Spatial context),
> there is increased bilateral parietofrontal activation and, extended
> neural response for the Manipulative posture. These results point to the
> existence of other networks evaluating tool-object associations when
> motoric affordances are not readily apparent and underlie corresponding
> delayed perceptual judgment in our prior behavioral data wherein
> Manipulative postures had exclusively interfered in judging tool-object
> content. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 520-537 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000017
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Foreign accent syndrome: A multimodal evaluation in the search of neuroscience-driven treatments
>
> Authors:
> Moreno-Torres, I; Berthier, ML; Cid, MD; Green, C; Gutierrez, A;
> Garcia-Casares, N; Walsh, SF; Nabrozidis, A; Sidorova, J; Davila, G;
> Carnero-Pardo, C
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):520-537; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is a rare condition which is placed in the
> mildest end of the spectrum of speech disorders. The impairment, not
> severe enough to elicit phonological errors, is associated with various
> alterations in the fine execution of speech sounds which cause the
> impression of foreignness. There is a growing interest in the study of
> linguistic and paralinguistic components, psychosocial aftermaths, and
> neural basis of FAS, but there are not yet neuroscience-driven
> treatments for this condition. A multimodal evaluation was conducted in
> a single patient with the aim of searching for clues which may assist to
> design neuroscience-driven therapies. The patient was a middle-aged
> bilingual woman who had chronic FAS. She had segmental deficits,
> abnormal production of linguistic and emotional prosody, impaired verbal
> communication, and reduced motivation and social engagement. Magnetic
> resonance imaging showed bilateral small lesions mainly affecting the
> left deep frontal operculum and dorsal anterior insula. Diffusion tensor
> tractography suggested disrupted left deep frontal operculum-anterior
> insula connectivity. Metabolic activity measured with positron emission
> tomography was primarily decreased in key components of networks
> implicated in planning and execution of speech production, cognitive
> control and emotional communication (Brodmann's areas 4/6/9/10/13/25/47,
> basal ganglia, and anterior cerebellar vermis). Compensatory increases
> of metabolic activity were found in cortical areas (left anterior
> cingulate gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus and right prefrontal
> cortex) associated with feedback and focal attention processes critical
> for monitoring and adjustment of verbal utterances. Moreover, bilateral
> structural and functional abnormalities probably interrupted the
> trajectory of the lateral and medial cholinergic pathways causing
> region-specific hypoactivity. The results from this study provide
> targets for further investigation and some clues to design therapeutic
> interventions. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 538-549 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000018
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Musical expertise affects neural bases of letter recognition
>
> Authors:
> Proverbio, AM; Manfredi, M; Zani, A; Adorni, R
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):538-549; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> It is known that early music learning (playing of an instrument)
> modifies functional brain structure (both white and gray matter) and
> connectivity, especially callosal transfer, motor control/coordination
> and auditory processing. We compared visual processing of notes and
> words in 15 professional musicians and 15 controls by recording their
> synchronized bioelectrical activity (ERPs) in response to words and
> notes. We found that musical training in childhood (from age similar to
> 8 years) modifies neural mechanisms of word reading, whatever the
> genetic predisposition, which was unknown. While letter processing was
> strongly left-lateralized in controls, the fusiform (BA37) and inferior
> occipital gyri (BA18) were activated in both hemispheres in musicians
> for both word and music processing. The evidence that the neural
> mechanism of letter processing differed in musicians and controls (being
> absolutely bilateral in musicians) suggests that musical expertise
> modifies the neural mechanisms of letter reading. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
> All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 550-556 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000019
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Access to lexical meaning in pitch-flattened Chinese sentences: An fMRI study
>
> Authors:
> Xu, GQ; Zhang, LJ; Shu, H; Wang, XY; Li, P
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):550-556; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Chinese is a tonal language in which variation in pitch is used to
> distinguish word meanings. Thus, in order to understand a word,
> listeners have to extract the pitch patterns in addition to its
> phonemes. Can the correct word meaning still be accessed in sentence
> contexts if pitch patterns of words are altered? If so, how is this
> accomplished? The present study attempts to address such questions with
> event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Native
> speakers of Mandarin Chinese listened to normal and pitch-flattened
> (monotone) speech inside the scanner. The behavioral results indicated
> that they rated monotone sentences as intelligible as normal sentences,
> and performed equally well in a dictation test on the two types of
> sentences. The fMRI results showed that both types of sentences elicited
> similar activation in the left insular, middle and inferior temporal
> gyri, but the monotone sentences elicited greater activation in the left
> planum temporale (PT) compared with normal sentences. These results
> demonstrate that lexical meaning can still be accessed in
> pitch-flattened Chinese sentences, and that this process is realized by
> automatic recovery of the phonological representations of lexical tones
> from the altered tonal patterns. Our findings suggest that the details
> of spoken pitch patterns are not essential for adequate lexical-semantic
> processing during sentence comprehension even in tonal languages like
> Mandarin Chinese, given that listeners can automatically use additional
> neural and cognitive resources to recover distorted tonal patterns in
> sentences. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 557-571 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000316158000020
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Strategic retrieval and retrieval orientation in reality monitoring studied by event-related potentials (ERPs)
>
> Authors:
> Rosburg, T; Johansson, M; Mecklinger, A
>
> Source:
> *NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA*, 51 (3):557-571; FEB 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Reality monitoring requires the differentiation between perceived and
> imagined events or between our own actions and the actions of others.
> The role of control processes in reality monitoring is yet not fully
> understood. In the current event-related potential (ERP) study, we
> investigated such control processes in the form of retrieval orientation
> and strategic retrieval of nontarget information. At study, complete or
> incomplete object words were presented in sentences. Participants had to
> identify the words as the subject of the sentence (perceive condition)
> or had to complete them upon presentation of a word fragment
> (self-generate condition). The participants' memory accuracy was better
> for generated items than for perceived items, as tested in a subsequent
> memory exclusion task. Comparison of ERPs to new items between the two
> test conditions (i.e. assessing retrieval orientation) showed more
> positive ERPs when generated object names were targeted. Retrieval
> orientation also modulated the early midfrontal old/new effect: Items of
> the self-generate condition elicited this effect irrespective of their
> target/nontarget status, while in response to the less well remembered
> items of the perceive condition it was only found when these items were
> defined as targets. Target retrieval (as reflected in the left-parietal
> old/new effect) occurred in both test conditions, but nontarget
> retrieval was observed only for generated items (when perceived items
> were targeted). Current findings indicate that retrieval orientation can
> modulate familiarity-related processes. The selective occurrence of
> nontarget retrieval for generated items corroborates the concept that
> the ease with which nontarget information can be accessed promotes
> nontarget retrieval. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
>
>