Journal Alert - JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS

Title:
Atomoxetine for Treating ADHD Symptoms in Autism: A Systematic Review

Authors:
Ghanizadeh, A

Source:
*JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):635-640; NOV 2013

Abstract:
Objective: This study systematically reviews the current literature on
the administration of atomoxetine for treating children and adolescents
with comorbidity on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD. Method:
PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar databases were electronically searched
to find the published trials on atomoxetine and ASD. Results: Six
articles reported the clinical trials of atomoxetine for treatment of
ADHD symptoms in patients with autism or pervasive development
disorders. Only one study that was placebo-controlled crossover pilot
trial reported that it is effective. Atomoxetine may be effective in
high-functioning patients with autism or patients with low severity.
Those with high severity of ASD may be more vulnerable to the adverse
effects of atomoxetine. Conclusion: There are not enough controlled
clinical trials for showing the efficacy of atomoxetine for treatment of
ADHD symptoms in autism. Although evidence suggests potential efficacy
of atomoxetine, the current evidences are not conclusive.

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*Pages: 641-654 (Article)
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Title:
Brain Cortical Thickness in ADHD: Age, Sex, and Clinical Correlations

Authors:
Montes, LGA; Alcantara, HP; Garcia, RBM; De La Torre, LB; Acosta, DA;
Duarte, MG

Source:
*JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):641-654; NOV 2013

Abstract:
Objective: Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have
shown reduced cortical thickness (CT) in individuals with ADHD, but this
abnormality disappears with age, suggesting developmental delay.
However, cross-sectional MRI studies have shown reduced CT, suggesting
abnormal development. The aim of this study was to compare whole-brain
CT in male and female children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD with
whole-brain CT in matched control participants. Method: MRI scans were
performed on ADHD and control participants. Results: CT data revealed
differences in right hemisphere (RH) only. Reduced CT was observed
predominantly in the frontoparietal region. However, increased CT was
observed predominantly in the occipital lobe. The CT differences were
correlated with severity of ADHD. Analysis of sex differences revealed
that location, number, and magnitude of CT differences were different
between males and females in each age group. Conclusion: These data
support the hypothesis that anatomical abnormalities in ADHD represent
abnormal development rather than developmental delay.

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*Pages: 655-659 (Article)
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Title:
Adolescent Outcome of Child ADHD in Primary Care Setting: Stability of Diagnosis

Authors:
Srebnicki, T; Kolakowski, A; Wolanczyk, T

Source:
*JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):655-659; NOV 2013

Abstract:
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the functioning of
patients with ADHD 6 to 7 years after the diagnosis. One objective was
to determine the stability of diagnosis, symptoms decline, subtype
change, remission, and change of diagnosis. Method: In all, 101
participants were chosen for testing. All were interviewed for the
presence of ADHD and social, academic, and peer functioning, and
completed Youth Self-Report. The caregivers completed a Wender Utah
Rating Scale and Child Behavior Checklist, and were asked to assess the
social, academic, and peer functioning of their offspring. Results: A
total of 56% (n = 57) still met the criteria for ADHD and 24.7% (n = 25)
still met the criteria for hyperkinetic disorder (HKD). Subtype
migration was observed. In all, 7.7% (n = 14) were rediagnosed with
Asperger's syndrome, 2.2% (n = 4) received a diagnosis of bipolar
disorder, 2.2% (n = 4) were diagnosed with mental retardation, 1 with
schizophrenia, and 1 with genetic disorder. Conclusion: The reliability
of diagnosis was high. The rates of all subtypes of ADHD decreased. More
measures need to be taken in terms of differential diagnosis of ADHD and
Asperger's Syndrome.

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*Pages: 660-669 (Article)
*View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000325419400004
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Title:
Prediction of ADHD to Anxiety Disorders: An 11-Year National Insurance Data Analysis in Taiwan

Authors:
Tai, YM; Gau, CS; Gau, SSF; Chiu, HW

Source:
*JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):660-669; NOV 2013

Abstract:
Objective: To prospectively investigate prediction of ADHD to anxiety
disorders (ANXs) in a national sample of Taiwan. Method: From the Taiwan
National Health Insurance Dataset (1997-2007), we collected 2,385 cases
of new diagnoses of ADHD from 1999 to 2003 and 9,540 sex-, age- and
index dates of the first diagnosis of ADHD-matched cohort controls
without ADHD. The outcome is age of the first diagnosis of ANXs until
December 31, 2007. Results: More cases of ADHD (17.7%) developed ANXs
than did matched controls (1.9%) with a younger age onset (12.7 years
vs. 17.9 years) and a shorter survival time (1.4 years vs. 5.0 years).
Cox models revealed a significant prediction of ADHD to ANXs controlling
for other psychiatric comorbidities [Hazard ratio (HR) = 15.83]. The
magnitude of such association was greater in males and decreased with
older age of first ADHD diagnosis. Conclusion: The findings imply that
early detection and treatment for ADHD may offset later development of
ANXs.

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*Pages: 670-680 (Article)
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Title:
The Direct Effects of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity on Peer Problems and Mediating Roles of Prosocial and Conduct Problem Behaviors in a Community Sample of Children

Authors:
Andrade, BF; Tannock, R

Source:
*JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):670-680; NOV 2013

Abstract:
Objective: This study tested whether children's symptoms of inattention
and hyperactivity/impulsivity were associated with peer problems and
whether these associations were mediated by conduct problems and
prosocial behaviors. Method: A community sample of 500 children,
including 245 boys and 255 girls, who ranged in age from 6 to 9 years (M
= 7.6, SD = 0.91) were recruited. Teachers' report of children's
inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, conduct problems, prosocial
behaviors, and peer problems was collected. Results: Symptoms of
inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were significantly positively
associated with peer problems. Conduct problems were associated with
more peer problems and prosocial behaviors with less peer problems.
Conduct problems and prosocial behaviors partially mediated the
association between hyperactivity/impulsivity and peer problems and
fully mediated the inattention-peer problems association. Conclusion:
Findings show that prosocial behaviors and conduct problems are
important variables that account for some of the negative impact of
symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity on peer
functioning.

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*Pages: 681-689 (Article)
*View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000325419400006
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Title:
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Among Young Adolescents With ADHD: Relations to Mental Health, Academic, and Social Functioning

Authors:
Becker, SP; Langberg, JM

Source:
*JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):681-689; NOV 2013

Abstract:
Objective: This study investigated the role of sluggish cognitive tempo
(SCT) in relation to externalizing and internalizing mental health
problems, academic functioning, and social functioning among young
adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Method: In all, 57 youth ages 10 to 14 participated in the study.
Parents rated SCT, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms, as well as
social and academic impairment. Teachers rated academic and peer
impairment, and intelligence and academic achievement also were
assessed. Results: Above and beyond ADHD and conduct problem symptoms,
SCT was associated with internalizing mental health symptoms and social
problems. The association between SCT and externalizing problems or
academic functioning was not significant when accounting for ADHD
symptomatology and intelligence. Conclusion: SCT is consistently
associated with internalizing symptoms and is also associated with young
adolescents' general social difficulties. When controlling for important
related constructs, SCT is not associated with externalizing symptoms or
academic impairment among young adolescents with ADHD.

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*Pages: 690-698 (Article)
*View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000325419400007
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Title:
German Validation of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Self-Report: Confirmation of Factor Structure in a Large Sample of Participants With ADHD

Authors:
Christiansen, H; Hirsch, O; Philipsen, A; Oades, RD; Matthies, S;
Hebebrand, J; Ueckermann, J; Abdel-Hamid, M; Kraemer, M; Wiltfang, J;
Graf, E; Colla, M; Sobanski, E; Alm, B; Rosler, M; Jacob, C; Jans, T;
Huss, M; Schimmelmann, BG; Kis, B

Source:
*JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):690-698; NOV 2013

Abstract:
Objective: The Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) assess symptoms
specific to adults that are frequently used and have been translated
into German. The current study tests the factor structure of the CAARS
in a large sample of German adults with ADHD and compares the means of
the CAARS subscales with those of healthy German controls. Method: CAARS
were completed by 466 participants with ADHD and 851 healthy control
participants. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to establish model
fit with the American original. Comparisons between participants with
ADHD and healthy controls and influences of gender, age, and degree of
education were analyzed. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed a
very good fit with the model for the American original. Differences
between ADHD participants and healthy controls on all Conners Adult ADHD
Rating Scales-Self-Report (CAARS-S) subscales were substantial and
significant. Conclusion: The factor structure of the original American
model was successfully replicated in this sample of adult German ADHD
participants.

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*Pages: 699-710 (Article)
*View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000325419400008
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Title:
Comparison of Mother, Father, and Teacher Reports of ADHD Core Symptoms in a Sample of Child Psychiatric Outpatients

Authors:
Sollie, H; Larsson, B; Morch, WT

Source:
*JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):699-710; NOV 2013

Abstract:
Objective: To explore the significance of adding father ratings to
mother and teacher ratings in the assessment of ADHD symptoms in
children. Method: The ADHD Rating Scale-IV, the Child Behavior
Checklist, and the Teacher Report Form were filled out by all three
informants for a sample of 48 clinically referred children (79% boys)
aged 6 to 15 (M = 10.1) years. Results: Correspondence between father
and teacher reports on ADHD-specific symptoms (intraclass correlation
coefficient [ICC] = .38) exceeded that between mothers and teachers (ICC
= .23). Fathers rated their children as having fewer problems than did
mothers and teachers on Total scale scores and the Inattention subscale
of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Mother ratings were more sensitive to an
ADHD diagnosis, whereas father ratings better predicted an ADHD
diagnosis requiring the two-setting criterion. Conclusion: The choice of
parent informant and informant combination had a considerable impact on
parent-teacher concordance and estimates of ADHD symptoms and subtypes
in the child.

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*Pages: 711-721 (Article)
*View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000325419400009
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Title:
Training Executive, Attention, and Motor Skills: A Proof-of-Concept Study in Preschool Children With ADHD

Authors:
Halperin, JM; Marks, DJ; Bedard, ACV; Chacko, A; Curchack, JT; Yoon, CA;
Healey, DM

Source:
*JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):711-721; NOV 2013

Abstract:
Objective: To examine whether cognitive enhancement can be delivered
through play to preschoolers with ADHD and whether it would affect
severity of ADHD symptoms. Method: Twenty-nine 4- and 5-year-old
children and their parents participated in separate group sessions (3-5
children/group). Child groups were introduced games designed to enhance
inhibitory control, working memory, attention, visuospatial abilities,
planning, and motor skills. Parent groups were encouraged playing these
games with their children at least 30 to 45 min/day and taught
strategies for scaffolding difficulty levels and dealing with obstacles
to daily playing. Results: Parent ratings and session attendance
indicated considerable satisfaction with the program. Parent (p < .001)
and teacher (p = .003) ratings on the ADHD-Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV)
indicated significant improvement in ADHD severity from pre- to
post-treatment, which persisted 3 months later. Conclusion: This
play-based intervention for preschoolers with ADHD is readily
implemented at home. Preliminary evidence suggests efficacy beyond the
termination of active treatment.

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--

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Kevin S. McGrew, PhD

Educational Psychologist

Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics (IAP)

Web:  www.themindhub.com

Email:  wj3chc@gmail.com

Purpose, Passion & Serendipity

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