Working memory is structured hierarchically

Working memory is structured hierarchically
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2019-07-memory-hierarchically.html?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

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A combined analysis of genetically correlated traits identifies 187 lo

A combined analysis of genetically correlated traits identifies 187 lo
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-017-0001-5

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Declines in vocabulary among American adults within levels of educational attainment, 1974–2016 - ScienceDirect

File under Flynn effect related research

Abstract

We examined trends over time in vocabulary, a key component of verbal intelligence, in the nationally representative General Social Survey of U.S. adults (n = 29,912). Participants answered multiple-choice questions about the definitions of 10 specific words. When controlled for educational attainment, the vocabulary of the average U.S. adult declined between the mid-1970s and the 2010s. Vocabulary declined across all levels of educational attainment (less than high school, high school or 2-year college graduate, bachelor's or graduate degree), with the largest declines among those with a bachelor's or graduate degree. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses separating the effects of age, time period, and cohort suggest that the decline is primarily a time period effect. Increasing educational attainment has apparently not improved verbal ability among Americans. Instead, as educational attainment has increased, those at each educational level are less verbally skilled even though the vocabulary skills of the whole population are unchanged.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289618302198

Hot and cool dimensionality of executive function: Model invariance across age and maternal education in preschool children - ScienceDirect

Abstract

The structure of executive function (EF), as it pertains to distinct "hot" (affectively salient) and "cool" (affectively neutral) dimensions, in early childhood is not well understood. Given that the neural circuitry underlying EF may become increasingly differentiated with development and enriched experiences, EF may become more dissociable into hot and cool factors with age and advantaged socioeconomic circumstances. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to compare a multidimensional hot and cool EF model with a unidimensional model in early childhood, and to investigate model invariance across age and maternal education. Participants were 1900 children (2–5 years of age) from socioeconomically diverse families in an urban area in the southern United States. We aggregated data from four previously collected studies that included EF tasks, thus this study includes secondary data analysis. We tested model fit across (1) children older and younger than 4 years of age and (2) higher (college experience) versus lower (no college) maternal education. Results indicated that a two-factor hot and cool EF model provided the best fit to the data across all groups. Although the number of factors was invariant, only partial metric invariance was met for age, suggesting that how certain tests represent EF changes with age. For maternal education, partial scalar invariance was met, with higher maternal education associated with higher scores on certain EF tasks. Findings with this large sample suggest that EF includes two factors characterized as hot and cool. However, the study raises questions about model invariance, particularly across age.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885200619300961

Influence of young adult cognitive ability and additional education on later-life cognition.

Influence of young adult cognitive ability and additional education on later-life cognition.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30670647/

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Frontiers | The Relationship Between Executive Functions and Academic Performance in Primary Education: Review and Meta-Analysis | Psychology

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01582/full


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Kevin McGrew, PhD
Educational Psychologist
Director
Institute for Applied Psychometrics
www.themindhum.com
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Strategies to improve name learning: A review. - PsycNET

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-39465-001

Abstract

The following points emerge from the present review of strategies to improve the learning of proper names: (a) Face-name mnemonic techniques based on mental imagery have been shown to be efficient in laboratory settings in both young and older adults. Unfortunately, they are particularly effortful and require capacity for imagination, making them difficult to apply in a real conversational context. (b) Strategies based on spaced retrieval practice have been found to be efficient both in laboratory and more ecological settings, and both in young and older adults. (c) Techniques based on spaced retrieval practice appear to be more efficient than those based on mental imagery. (d) More recent research has proposed new perspectives, such as basing learning strategies on implicit, rather than explicit, memory processes such as hyper-binding. Finally, neuroscience research has started to investigate the possibility of using non-invasive electrical brain stimulation to improve name learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)

Off-task behavior in kindergarten: Relations to executive function and academic achievement. - PsycNET

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-40694-001

Abstract

Behavioral self-regulation supports young children's learning and is a strong predictor of later academic achievement. The capacity to manage one's attention and control one's behavior is commonly measured via direct assessments of executive function (EF). However, to understand how EF skills contribute to academic achievement, it is helpful to investigate how EF manifests in the classroom context and in children's overt behavior. The current study observed 172 kindergarteners for a single school day and captured the total proportion of class time children were off-task in the classroom. This behavior was further classified into specific subtypes to assess whether these categorizations differentially predicted components of EF and academic achievement in first grade. Results indicated that children with lower response inhibition spent statistically significantly more time in one type of off-task behavior (i.e., off-task actively engaging with other materials), and children with lower working memory spent significantly more time in another type of off-task behavior (i.e., off-task passively disengaged). Higher proportion of class time spent off-task passively disengaged in kindergarten further statistically significantly predicted fewer gains in reading comprehension in first grade. These findings illustrate the utility of measuring children's EF in a classroom context, and how fine-grained observation systems can shed light on the specific classroom and child processes that influence learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)

Learning of Spatial Properties of a Large-Scale Virtual City With an Interactive Map

Learning of Spatial Properties of a Large-Scale Virtual City With an Interactive Map
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00240/full?utm_source=F-AAE&utm_medium=EMLF&utm_campaign=MRK_1046250_55_Neuros_20190718_arts_A

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Kevin McGrew, PhD

Educational Psychologist

Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics

IAP

www.themindhub.com

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Age-related differentiation in verbal and visuospatial working memory processing in childhood | SpringerLink

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-019-01219-w


******************************************************
Kevin McGrew, PhD
Educational Psychologist
Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics
IAP
www.themindhub.com
******************************************************

Reliability and validity of the UK Biobank cognitive tests

Reliability and validity of the UK Biobank cognitive tests
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/19002204v1

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******************************************************

Kevin McGrew, PhD

Educational Psychologist

Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics

IAP

www.themindhub.com

******************************************************

The Flynn Effect in Families: Studies of Register Data on Norwegian Military Conscripts and Their Families

The Flynn Effect in Families: Studies of Register Data on Norwegian Military Conscripts and Their Families
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/2/3/106/htm

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Functional connectivity predicts changes in attention over minutes, days, and months

Functional connectivity predicts changes in attention over minutes, days, and months
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700476v1

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Hanging with Vinny Alfonso, Tim Keith and Richard Woodcock at ISIR 2019 conference

Are specific learning disorders truly specific, and are they disorders? - ScienceDirect

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211949318300383


******************************************************
Kevin McGrew, PhD
Educational Psychologist
Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics
IAP
www.themindhub.com
******************************************************

Posterior parietal cortex plays crucial role in making decisions, research shows

Posterior parietal cortex plays crucial role in making decisions, research shows
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20190712/Posterior-parietal-cortex-plays-crucial-role-in-making-decisions-research-shows.aspx?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

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Great time catching up with my mentor, Richard Woodcock, at #isir2019

Research on Discrimination and Self-fulfilling Prophecy in School...: Ingenta Connect

https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/jnp/es/2019/00000037/00000001/art00005

A role for metamemory in cognitive offloading

A role for metamemory in cognitive offloading
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010027719301854?via%3Dihub

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******************************************************

Kevin McGrew, PhD

Educational Psychologist

Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics

IAP

www.themindhub.com

******************************************************

Structure of brain networks is not fixed - Neuroscience News

Structure of brain networks is not fixed - Neuroscience News
https://neurosciencenews.com/brain-network-structure-14435/amp/

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******************************************************

Kevin McGrew, PhD

Educational Psychologist

Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics

IAP

www.themindhub.com

******************************************************

What data patterns can lie behind a correlation coefficient?

What data patterns can lie behind a correlation coefficient?
https://janhove.github.io/teaching/2016/11/21/what-correlations-look-like

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******************************************************

Kevin McGrew, PhD

Educational Psychologist

Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics

IAP

www.themindhub.com

******************************************************

Cognitive ability is associated with changes in the functional organization of the cognitive control brain network - A. Breukelaar - 2018 - Human Brain Mapping - Wiley Online Library

Cognitive ability is associated with changes in the functional organization of the cognitive control brain network - A. Breukelaar - 2018 - Human Brain Mapping - Wiley Online Library
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hbm.24342

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******************************************************

Kevin McGrew, PhD

Educational Psychologist

Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics

IAP

www.themindhub.com

******************************************************